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Arugula (Eruca vesicaria)

Dlium Arugula (Eruca vesicaria)

Arugula (Eruca vesicaria) is a plant species in the Brassicaceae family. It is an annual herb, growing 20–100 cm tall, with pinnate, lobed leaves consisting of 4–10 small lateral leaflets and a larger terminal leaflet.

E. vesicaria produces four-petaled, fan-shaped flowers, 2–4 cm in diameter, arranged in an inflorescence. The petals are creamy white with purple veins, and the stamens are yellow. The fruit is a pod, 12–25 mm long with an apical beak, containing several edible seeds. This species has a chromosome count of 2n = 22.

The plant consists of 92% water, 4% carbohydrates, 2.5% protein, and a small amount of fat. A 100 g (3+1⁄2 oz) serving provides 105 kJ of dietary energy. Arugula can be consumed fresh, frozen, steamed, or quickly boiled. This vegetable is a rich source of folate and various vitamins, and it serves as a good source of vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, and manganese.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Subfamily: Brassicoideae
Supertribe: Brassicodae
Tribe: Brassiceae
Genus: Eruca Mill. in Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4.: [s.p.] (1754)
Species: Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. in Descr. Pl.: 426 (1802)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Brassica vesicaria L. in Sp. Pl.: 668 (1753)
Eruca sativa subsp. vesicaria (L.) Jahand. & Maire in É.Jahandiez & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 2: 279 (1932)
Eruca sativa var. vesicaria (L.) Coss. in Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 211 (1887)
Euzomum vesicarium (L.) Link in Handbuch 2: 319 (1831)
Raphanus vesicarius (L.) Crantz in Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 111 (1769)
Velleruca vesicaria (L.) Pomel in Mat. Fl. Atl.: 12 (1860)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Eruca vesicaria var. albiflora DC. in Syst. Nat. 2: 639 (1821)
Eruca vesicaria var. flaviflora DC. (1821)

PUBLICATIONS

(2020). https://bsbi.org/archaeophytes. epublication.

Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.

Barry, J. P. & Celles, J.S. (1991). Flore de Mauritanie 1: 1-359. Centre Regional de Documentation Pedagogique, Nice.

Brundu, G. & Camarda, I. (2013). The Flora of Chad: a checklist and brief analysis. PhytoKeys 23: 1-18.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2010). Flora of North America North of Mexico 7: 1-797. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.

Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter E-F: 1-50919.

Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2020). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 4(2): 1-524. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2006). Flora of Japan IIa: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.

Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.

Komiljon, T., Natalya, B., Avazbek, B., Dilnoza, A., Ziyoviddin, Y., Deng, T. & Sun, H. (2020). Flora of the Dzhizak Province, Uzbekistan: 1-523. China Forestry Publishing House.

Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.

López Patiño, E.J., Szeszko, D.R., Rascala Pérez, J. & Beltrán Retis, A.S. (2012). The flora of the Tenacingo-Malinalco-Zumpahuacán protected natural area, state of Mexico, Mexico. Harvard Papers in Botany 17: 65-167.

Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.

Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.

Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.

Nowak, A. & Nobis, M. (eds.) (2020). Illustrated Flora of Tajikistan and adjacent areas 1: 1-366. PAN, Polish academy of sciences.

Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.

Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of China 8: 1-506. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3, 2: 1-579. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.

Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

VERNACULAR NAME

Afrikaans: Tuin-Eruca, Wildekool
Arabic: جرجير
Bengali: সাফেডশোরশি Suffedshorshi
Chinese (simplified): 芝麻菜 - 野芝麻菜
Chinese (traditional): 芝麻菜
Danish: Rucola
Dutch: Zwaardherik
English: Arugula, Garden eruca, Garden rocket, Rocket salad, Roquette, Rocket, Rocketsalad, Salad Rocket
Esperanto: Arugula
Estonian: Põld-võõrkapsas, Rukola
Finnish: Sinappikaali, Vihannessinappikaali
French: Roquette
German: Senfrauke
Greek: Ρόκα
Hindi: तारा मीरा Tara Mira
Indonesia: Daun roket
Italian: Rucola
Japanese: キバナスズシロ
Malayalam: Rucola
Norwegian: Salatsennep
Polish: Rokietta siewna, Rukola
Portuguese: Rúcula
Russian: Индау пузырчатая - Эрука посевная
Sanskrit: Sarishapa
Slovak: Eruka mechúrikatá
Spanish: Rúcula, Arúgula del Mediterráneo, Rucola silvestre, Rugula
Swedish: Äkta senapskål, Rucola, Senapskål
Thai: ร็อกเก็ต
Turkish: Roka, Tere
Ukrainian: Рокет-салат городній
USA: Arugula

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
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