Coriander (Coriandrum sativum)

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is a plant species in the Apiaceae family. It is a soft-textured herb that grows up to 50 cm in height, with leaves emerging from the base of the plant; the leaves feature broad lobes and slender segments. The flowers are arranged in small, umbrella-like clusters and are white or very pale pinkish-red in color. The flowers are asymmetrical. The fruit is a dry schizocarp, round in shape, with a diameter of 3–5 mm. The pollen grains measure 30 μm.

This plant is a popular spice. Its small seeds are dried and sold either whole or ground. In their whole form, they resemble peppercorns—small, round seeds with a diameter of 1–2 mm—and possess a distinctive aroma. The primary component of the essential oil is linalool, accompanied by other constituents such as geraniol, geranyl acetate, and camphor. The compound leaves, which resemble those of celery, are often finely chopped and used as a garnish for soups and salads.

The plant is used for various medicinal purposes: to aid digestion, relieve flatulence, stimulate breast milk production, and boost appetite. It is also employed to alleviate dizziness, vomiting, influenza, hemorrhoids, gastritis, mastitis, measles, the common cold, high blood pressure, and sexual dysfunction. The essential oil contains coriandrol, which serves as a raw material in the production of perfumes, pharmaceuticals, food flavorings, soaps, candles, detergents, synthetic vitamin E, pesticides, and insecticides.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Apiales
Family: Apiaceae
Subfamily: Apioideae
Tribe: Coriandreae
Genus: Coriandrum L. in Sp. Pl.: 256 (1753)
Species: Coriandrum sativum L. in Sp. Pl.: 256 (1753)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Selinum coriandrum E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 12: 163 (1904)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Bifora loureiroi Kostel. in Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 4: 1183 (1835)
Coriandropsis syriaca H.Wolff in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 177 (1921)
Coriandrum diversifolium Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 2: 26 (1782)
Coriandrum globosum Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 166 (1796)
Coriandrum majus Garsault in Fig. Pl. Méd.: t. 232 (1764)
Coriandrum majus Gouan in Hortus Monsp.: 145 (1762)
Coriandrum melphitense Guss. & Ten. in Index Seminum (NAP, Neapolitano) 1839: 11 (1839)
Coriandrum sativum var. afghanicum Stolet. in Sborn. Nauchn. Trudov Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. 133: 26 (1990)
Coriandrum sativum var. africanum Stolet. (1990)
Coriandrum sativum var. anatolicum Stolet. (1990)
Coriandrum sativum var. arabicum Stolet. (1990)
Coriandrum sativum var. asiaticum Stolet. (1990)
Coriandrum sativum subsp. asiaticum Stolet. (1990)
Coriandrum sativum var. indicum Stolet. (1990)
Coriandrum sativum subsp. indicum Stolet. (1990)
Coriandrum sativum var. microcarpum DC. in Prodr. 4: 250 (1830)
Coriandrum sativum var. pygmaeum Stolet. (1990)
Coriandrum sativum var. vavilovii Stolet. (1990)
Coriandrum sativum subsp. vavilovii Stolet. (1990)
Coriandrum sativum var. vulgare Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 165 (1866)
Sium coriandrum Vest in Manuale Bot. Excurs.: 513 (1805)

PUBLICATIONS

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Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2024). Flora of North America North of Mexico 13: 1-566. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

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VERNACULAR NAME

Adi: Ori
Afrikaans: Koljander, Koljandersaad
Ahom: Phak-Ki-Hom
Angami: Dunia
Apatani: Dunyan
Arabic: كزبرة Kuzbarah
Armenian: Գինձ - համեմ
Assamese: Dhaniya, Dhoina, Gondhowa-Shak, Memedhu
Basque: Martorri
Bengali: ধান্যক - ধানে - ধনিয়া Dhaanyaka, Dhane, Dhaniya
Bhojpuri: Dhaniya
Bodo: Dundiya
Catalan: Coriandre
China (simplified): 芫荽 - 香菜 - 芫茜 - 芫荽 - 香茜 - 香菜
Chinese (traditional): 芫茜 - 芫荽
Czech: Koriandr setý
Danish: Koriander
Deori: Memedur
Dimasa: Bakhor, Doniya
Dogri: Biyoon
Dutch: Koriander
English: Coriander, Cilantro, Chinese parsley
Esperanto: Koriandro
Estonian: Aedkoriander
Filipino: Kulantro, Uan-soi, Kulantra
Finnish: Maustekorianteri
French: Coriandre, Persil arabe
German: Koriander, Echter Koriander
Greek: Κορίανδρον το ήμερον
Guangdong: 芫茜 - 芫荽
Gujarati: Dhana, Kothmir
Haryanvi: Dhania
Hebrew: גד השדה - כוסברה
Hindi: धनिया पाठा - धनिया - धान्यक - कोथमीर Dhania patha, Dhaniya, Dhanyak, Kothmir
Hong Kong: 芫茜 - 芫荽
Hungarian: Kerti koriander
Indonesia: Ketumbar
Irish: Lus an choire
Italian: Coriandolo
Japanese: コエンドロ
Java: Tumbar
Kachchhi: Dhana, Kothmir
Kannada: Kothimeri sappi, Kannada: Aarushana, Dhaniya, Haveeja, Kotamari, Kotimbri, Kottumbari, Vitunnaka
Karbi: Dhuniya
Kashmiri: Danewal, Dhanyakam, Dhanyakalata
Khmer: វណ្ណស៊ុយ Vannsuy
Konkani: Konphir, Kottambari, Kotambari Paallo, Kothmir
Korean: 고수
Kumaoni: Dhaniya
Lao: ຜັກຫອມປານ - ຜັກຫອມປ້ອມ Phak hom panx, Phak hom pomz
Lepcha: U-Su
Macao: 芫茜 - 芫荽
Macedonian: Коријандер
Maithili: Dhaniyan
Malayalam: Kotthamalli, Kotthambala, Malli
Malaysia: Ketumbar, Penjilang, Wansui
Mandeali: Bihan, Dhania
Manipuri: Phadigom
Marathi: Kodavazha, Elappati, Bhobi, Dhane, Kothimbir, Kotharib
Marwari: Dhona, Dhoniya
Mishing: Dhania, O Ri
Mizo: Dhania
Mongolian: Таримал үсүү
Nepali: धनिया Dhaniyaa
Norwegian: Koriander
Nyishi: Dhaniya
Odia: Bituknnaka, Chatanipatra, Chhatra-Dhanya, Dhania, Kothamiri, Kustumbari, Kustumburu, Tumburi
Pahari: Beenn
Persian: گشنیز Kishniz
Polish: Kolendra siewna
Portuguese: Coentro
Punjabi: Dhanhan, Dhania, Dunia, Wehan
Russian: Кориандр посевной
Sanskrit: Avalika, Bhida, Bijadhanya, Chattradhanya, Dhanyaka, Dhenika, Janapriya, Kustumbari, Kustumburu, Saurabha, Shakayogya, Sukshmapattra, Tikshnakalka, Tikshnapattra, Tikshnaphala, Vanshya, Vanaja, Vedhaka, Vitunnaka
Santali: Dhaniya
Scottish Gaelic: Coireaman
Sindhi: Dhana
Sinhala: කොත්තමල්ලි
Slovak: Koriander siaty
Slovenian: Koriander
Somali: Kamsar
Spanish: Cilantro
Sunda: Katuncar
Swedish: Koriander
Sylheti: Bakor
Tagalog: Wansoy
Tagin: Dhania
Taiwan: 芫茜 - 芫荽
Tamil: சுக்குமா-பத்திரம் - கொத்தமல்லி - மல்லி - முட்டி - தணிகா - உரி - உத்தம்பரி Cukkuma-Pattiram, Kottamalli, Malli, Muti, Tanika, Uri, Uttampari
Tangkhul: Sachikom
Telugu: Kothimeri, Daniyaalu, Dhanyakamu, Kotimiri
Thai: ผักชี
Tibetan: 'u-Su
Tulu: Kottambari, Tambara
Turkish: Kişniş
Ukrainian: Коляндра сійна
Urdu: دھنیہ - دھنیک - کوٹھمیر Dhaniya, Dhanyak, Kothmir

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
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