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Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora)

Dlium Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora)

Dewandaru (Eugenia uniflora) is a plant species in the Myrtaceae family; it is a large shrub or small, slow-growing tree with a conical shape that can reach a height of 8 meters. Its stems and leaves release a pungent, resinous aroma that can cause respiratory irritation in susceptible individuals.

The leaves are exstipulate (lacking stipules), ovate, and glossy, growing in opposite pairs. Young leaves are bronze, copper, or reddish-brown, later turning dark green and glossy upon maturity; they reach lengths of up to 4 centimeters.

The flowers feature four white petals and grow on long, slender stalks. A conspicuous cluster of white stamens occupies the center, tipped with yellow anthers. The flowers develop into ribbed fruits measuring 2–4 cm in length, which transition in color from green to orange, bright red, and finally maroon.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Myrtales
Family: Myrtaceae
Subfamily: Myrtoideae
Tribe: Myrteae
Subtribe: Eugeniinae
Genus: Eugenia P.Micheli ex L. in Sp. Pl.: 470 (1753)
Subgenus: Eugenia
Section: Eugenia
Species: Eugenia uniflora L. in Sp. Pl.: 470 (1753)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Stenocalyx uniflorus (L.) Kausel in Lilloa 32: 331 (1967)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Eugenia arechavaletae Herter in Estud. Bot. Reg. Uruguay 4: 93 (1931)
Eugenia costata Cambess. in A.F.C.de Saint-Hilaire, Fl. Bras. Merid. 2: 359 (1833)
Eugenia costata Brongn. & Gris in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 12: 178 (1865)
Eugenia dasyblasta (O.Berg) Nied. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(7): 82 (1893)
Eugenia decidua Merr. in Philipp. J. Sci., C 9: 121 (1914)
Eugenia michelii Lam. in Encycl. 3: 203 (1789)
Eugenia myrtifolia Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 353 (1796)
Eugenia oblongifolia (O.Berg) Nied. (1893)
Eugenia oblongifolia (O.Berg) Arechav. in Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 5: 62 (1905)
Eugenia pauper Guillaumin in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 5: 245 (1933)
Eugenia strigosa (O.Berg) Arechav. (1905)
Eugenia uniflora var. atropurpurea Mattos in Loefgrenia 85: 2 (1984)
Eugenia willdenowii (Spreng.) DC. in Prodr. 3: 265 (1828)
Eugenia zeylanica Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 2: 963 (1799)
Luma arechavaletae (Herter) Herter in Revista Sudamer. Bot. 7: 218 (1943)
Luma costata (Cambess.) Herter (1943)
Luma dasyblasta (O.Berg) Herter (1943)
Luma strigosa (O.Berg) Herter (1943)
Myrtus brasiliana L. in Sp. Pl.: 701 (1753)
Myrtus brasiliana var. diversifolia Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 90 (1898)
Myrtus brasiliana var. lanceolata Kuntze (1898)
Myrtus brasiliana var. lucida (O.Berg) Kuntze (1898)
Myrtus brasiliana var. normalis Kuntze (1898)
Myrtus willdenowii Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 2: 480 (1825)
Myrtus willdenowii var. portoriccensis Spreng. ex DC. (1828)
Plinia pedunculata L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 253 (1782)
Plinia petiolata L. in Pl. Surin.: 10 (1775)
Plinia rubra L. in Mant. Pl. 2: 243 (1771)
Plinia tetrapetala L. (1771)
Stenocalyx affinis O.Berg in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 14(1): 336 (1857)
Stenocalyx brunneus O.Berg (1857)
Stenocalyx costatus (Cambess.) O.Berg in Linnaea 27: 311 (1856)
Stenocalyx dasyblastus O.Berg (1857)
Stenocalyx glaber O.Berg (1857)
Stenocalyx impunctatus O.Berg (1857)
Stenocalyx lucidus O.Berg (1857)
Stenocalyx michelii (Lam.) O.Berg in Linnaea 27: 310 (1856)
Stenocalyx michelii var. membranacea O.Berg (1857)
Stenocalyx michelii var. rigida O.Berg (1857)
Stenocalyx oblongifolius O.Berg (1857)
Stenocalyx rhampiri Barb.Rodr. in Myrt. Paraguay: 8 (1903)
Stenocalyx ruber (L.) Kausel in Ark. Bot., a.s., 3: 495 (1956)
Stenocalyx strigosus O.Berg (1857)
Syzygium brousmichei Govaerts in R.H.A.Govaerts & al., World Checkl. Myrtaceae: 378 (2008)
Syzygium michelii (Lam.) Duthie in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 2: 505 (1879)

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.

Amorim, B.S. & Alves, M. (2012). Myrtaceae from lowland Atlantic rainforest in the state of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. Phytotaxa 40: 33-54.

Barrie, F.R. (2005). Personal communication on Myrtaceae Field Museum of Natural History.

Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2012). Nova Silva Cusatlantica. Árboles natinos e introducidos de El Salvador. Parte 2: Angiospermae - Familias M a P y Pteridophyta. Englera 29-2: 1-300.

Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.

Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2009). Flora Mesoamericana 4(1): 1-855. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.

Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia 41: 41-82.

Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].

Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Govaerts, R., Sobral, N., Ashton, P., Barrie, F., Holst, B.K., Landrum, L.L., Matsumoto, K., Fernanda Mazine, F., Nic Lughadha, E., Proença, C. & al. (2008). World Checklist of Myrtaceae: 1-455. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lisowski, S. (2009). Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée. Scripta Botanica Belgica 41: 1-517.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Oliveira-Filho, A.T. (2006). Catálogo das Árvores nativas de Minas Gerais: 1-423. Editora UFLA, Lavas, Brasil.

Singh, V., Singh, P. & Dash, S.S. (eds.) (2021). Flora of India 9: 1-482. Botanical Survey of India.

Sosef, M.S.M. & al. (2006). Check-list des plantes vasculaires du Gabon. Scripta Botanica Belgica 35: 1-438.

Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.

Wilder, G. P. (1934). The flora of Makatea CNV. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 120: 1-49.

Wilson, P.G. (2009). Conspectus of the genus Eugenia (Myrtaceae) in the Philippines. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 60: 399-410.

Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 13: 1-548. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Zappi, D.C. & al. (2003). Lista das plantas vasculares de Catoles. Boletim de Botânica da Universidade de São Paulo 21(2): 345-398.

de Lima Lourenço, A.R. & de Vasconcellos Barbosa, M.R. (2012). Myrtaceae em restingas no limite norte de distribuição da Mata Atlântica, Brasil. Rodriguésia; Revista do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Jardim Botânico e Estaçao Biologica do Itatiaya 63: 373-393.

VERNACULAR NAME

Afrikaans: Pitanga
Chinese (simplified): 毕当茄 - 红果仔
Chinese (traditional): 稜果蒲桃 - 紅果仔
Czech: Eugenie jednokvětá
Danish: Pitanga
English: Dewandaru, Pitanga, Brazilian cherry, Surinam cherry, Cayenne cherry, Cerisier carré, Monkimonki kersie, Nangapirí, Shimarucu
Finnish: Surinamineugenia
French: Cerisier de Cayenne
German: Surinam-Kirschmyrte
Hebrew: פיטנגו
Hong Kong: 紅果仔
Indonesia: Dewandaru, Ceremai belanda, Asam selong
Japanese: タチバナアデク
Java: Dewandaru
Malayalam: Mulakunelli
Malaysia: Ceremai belanda
Polish: Goździkowiec jednokwiatowy
Portuguese: Pitanga, Pitangueira
Russian: Евгения одноцветковая
Slovak: Eugénia jednokvetá
Spanish: Eugenia, Grosella, Nangapiri, Pindanga, Pitanga
Sranan Tongo: Kersi, Monkimonki-kersi
Swedish: Pitanga
Thai: มะยมฝรั่ง
Turkish: Surinam Kirazı

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
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