Mango (Mangifera indica)

Mango (Mangifera indica) is a plant species in the Anacardiaceae family; it is a long-lived tree that can reach heights of up to 40 meters, continues to bear fruit after 300 years, and possesses roots extending to a depth of 6 meters. The leaves are alternate and simple, measuring 15-35 cm in length and 6-16 cm in width; they are reddish-orange when young and dark green when mature.

M. indica produces flowers in terminal panicles 10-40 cm long; the individual flowers are small and white, featuring five petals (5-10 mm long) and a mild, sweet fragrance. The fruit takes 4-5 months to mature after flowering. Ripe fruits vary in size, shape, color, sweetness, and eating quality.

Ripe fruits may be yellow, orange, red, or green. Each fruit contains a single, flat, oblong seed with a fibrous or hairy surface that does not separate easily from the flesh. The fruit is round, oval, or kidney-shaped, ranging from 5 to 25 cm in length and weighing between 140 g and 2 kg. The skin is waxy, smooth, and fragrant. The seed is enclosed in a woody endocarp that is 1-2 mm thick and 4-7 cm long.

The tree can withstand minimum temperatures as low as -8°C. It thrives in well-drained sandy loam soils but does not grow well in heavy, waterlogged soils; the optimal soil pH is between 5.2 and 7.5.

The raw fruit contains 84% water, 15% carbohydrates, 1% protein, and negligible amounts of fat. Based on a 100 g (3.5 oz) reference amount, the raw fruit provides 60 calories and is a rich source of vitamin C (40% of the Daily Value, DV), along with folate (11% DV) and copper (12% DV), while the content of other micronutrients is low.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Sapindales
Family: Anacardiaceae
Subfamily: Anacardioideae
Genus: Mangifera L. in Sp. Pl.: 200 (1753)
Species: Mangifera indica L. in Sp. Pl.: 200 (1753)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Mangifera amba Forssk. in Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 205 (1775)
Mangifera anisodora Blanco in Fl. Filip., ed. 2.: 129 (1845)
Mangifera austroyunnanensis Hu in Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Biol., Bot. 10: 160 (1940)
Mangifera balba Crevost & Lemarié in Cat. Prod. Indochine 1: 235 (1917)
Mangifera bompardii Kosterm. in A.J.G.H.Kostermans & J.M.Bompard, Mangoes: 174 (1993), contrary to Art. 37.5 ICBN (1988).
Mangifera cambodiana (Pierre) Anon. in Bull. Écon. Indochine, n.s., 13: 857 (1911)
Mangifera domestica Gaertn. in Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 95 (1790)
Mangifera equina Crevost & Lemarié (1917)
Mangifera gladiata Bojer in Hortus Maurit.: 73 (1837)
Mangifera indica var. bapang Blume in Mus. Bot. 1: 194 (1850)
Mangifera indica var. cambodiana Pierre in Fl. Forest. Cochinch.: t. 361 (1897)
Mangifera indica var. compressa Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. deropong Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. dodol Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. domestica (Gaertn.) Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. excelsa Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 448 (1812)
Mangifera indica var. gratissima Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. kaijer Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. kalapa Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. kidang Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. kukulu Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 1158 (1826)
Mangifera indica var. marundana Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. marunga Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. mekongensis Pierre (1897)
Mangifera indica var. niela Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. pallens Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. piit Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. sangier Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. sentok Blume (1850)
Mangifera indica var. teloor Blume (1850)
Mangifera kukulu Blume (1850)
Mangifera laurina var. deropong Blume (1850)
Mangifera laxiflora Desr. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 697 (1792)
Mangifera linnaei Korth. ex Hassk. in Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Alt.: 245 (1844)
Mangifera maritima Lechaume in Rev. Hort. (Paris) 42: 369 (1871)
Mangifera mekongensis (Pierre) Anon. (1911)
Mangifera montana B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn. in Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 170 (1834)
Mangifera orophila Kosterm. (1993)
Mangifera oryza Crevost & Lemarié (1917)
Mangifera racemosa Bojer (1837)
Mangifera rostrata Blanco (1845)
Mangifera rubra Bojer (1837)
Mangifera rubropetala Kosterm. (1993)
Mangifera sativa Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 1: 37 (1817)
Mangifera siamensis Warb. ex Craib in Bot. Tidsskr. 32: 330 (1915)
Mangifera viridis Bojer (1837)

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VERNACULAR NAME

Afrikaans: Veselperske
Angami: Merosi
Arabic: مانجو شائع - مانجو هندي
Assam: আম
Bengali: আম
Bunun: Kangavas
Burmese: သာ-ယေတီ - အဲဒီ... အဲဒီ-မင်း Thar-yetthi, Thayet thayt-hypu
Chinese (simplified): 杧果 - 芒果
Chinese (traditional): 檬果 - 芒果 - 菴婆羅
Czech: Mangovník vavřínový
Danish: Mango
Dutch: Mango
English: Mango, Amchur, Indian mango, Mango tree
Filipino: Mangga, Paho, Mango
Finnish: Mangopuu
French: Manguier
German: Mango
Guangdong: 芒果
Gujarati: Aambo
Hawaiian: Manakō
Hebrew: מנגו
Hindi: आम - आम-का-पेड़ - आम Am, Aam-ka-Pedh, Aam
Hong Kong: 芒果
Hungarian: Mangó
Indonesia: Mangga, Mempelam
Italian: Mango
Japanese: マンゴー - 菴羅
Java: Pelem
Kannada: Maa, Maavu, Mavu, Mavina mara
Karanga: Mumango
Khmer: ស្វាយ Svaay
Konkani: Ambo
Korean: 망고
Kurdish: مانگۆ
Lao: ມວ່າງຊ໌ Mwàngx
Macao: 芒果
Maharashtra: आंबा
Malayalam: Amaram, Mavu, Moochi, Mangga
Malaysia: Pauh, Mangga, Mempelam, Ampelam
Manipuri: Heinou
Marathi: Amba
Mizo: Theihai
Nepali: आप Aap
Oria: Ambo, Amba
Palauan: Iedel
PNG: Mango
Polish: Mango indyjskie
Portuguese: Manga, Mangueira
Russian: Манго индийское
Sanskrit: Aamra, Aamrah
Santali: ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱨᱚᱬ ᱩᱞ
Sepedi: Momenko
Sinhala: අඹ
Slovak: Mangovník indický
Spanish: Mango
Sunda: Manggah
Swahili: Mwembe
Swedish: Mango
Tagalog: Mangga
Taiwan: 芒果
Tamil: மா - மா - மாமாரம் Ma, Maa, Maamaram
Telugu: Mamidi, Mamidi chettu
Thai: มะม่วง
Tonga: Mango
Turkish: Mango
Ukrainian: Манго

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
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