Shoebutton ardisia (Ardisia elliptica) are shrub species in Primulaceae, grow in tropical climates, survive under the shade of large trees in dense forests, strong single roots and produce sweet fruit.
A. elliptica can grow up to 5 meters high, a single stem and stands upright with many short branches. Oval shaped leaves, elongated, rather thick, smooth texture, pink and will turn dark green when old.
Flowers on leaf axils, umbrella-shaped with reddish purple crowns and white petals to pink. Lempeni produces round and clustered fruits, about 5-6 mm, green when and turn red, purple and black when old.
Ripe fruit emits purple ink when broken. Seeds are round and 5 mm in diameter. Ripe fruit is preferred for consumption for sweetness. The leaves are antiplatelet, antibacterial and many antioxidants.
Ardisia solanacea and Ardisia humilis are considered the same species as Ardisia elliptica by some experts. Individuals reach reproductive maturity in 2-4 years in the wild and 1-2 years in cultivation.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Ericales
Family: Primulaceae
Subfamily: Myrsinoideae
Genus: Ardisia Sw. in Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occid.: 48 (1788)
Species: Ardisia elliptica Thunb. in Nov. Gen. Pl. 8: 119 (1798)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Bladhia elliptica (Thunb.) Nakai in T.Nakai & M.Honda, Nov. Fl. Jap. 9: 120 (1943)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Willughbeia multilocularis Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 131 (1837)
Ardisia kotoensis Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 30(1): 180 (1911)
Ardisia littoralis Andrews in Bot. Repos. 10: t. 630 (1811)
Ardisia sorsogonensis Elmer ex Merr. in Enum. Philipp. Fl. Pl. 3: 264 (1923)
Ardisia squamulosa C.Presl in Reliq. Haenk. 2: 65 (1835)
Ardisia umbellata Roxb. in Fl. Ind. 2: 273 (1824)
Bladhia kotoensis (Hayata) Nakai in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 35: 99 (1921)
Bladhia squamulosa (C.Presl) Nakai (1943)
Climacandra littoralis (Andrews) Kurz in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 40: 68 (1871)
Icacorea humilis Britton in Fl. Bermuda: 284 (1918)
Icacorea solanacea Britton (1918)
Icacorea zeylanica Lam. ex Schult. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 4: 516 (1819)
Tinus squamulosa (C.Presl) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 975 (1891)
PUBLICATIONS
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.
Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2012). Nova Silva Cusatlantica. Árboles natinos e introducidos de El Salvador. Parte 2: Angiospermae - Familias M a P y Pteridophyta. Englera 29-2: 1-300.
Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.
Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1981). Flore des Mascareignes 111-120: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2009). Flora of North America North of Mexico 8: 1-585. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Govaerts, R. (1995). World Checklist of Seed Plants 1(1, 2): 1-483, 529. MIM, Deurne.
Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
Jackes, B.R. (2009). Taxonomic revision of Australian Myrsinaceae: Ardisia Sw. and Terardisia Mez. Austrobaileya 8: 1-23.
Larsen, K. & Hu, C.M. (1996). Flora of Thailand 6(2): 81-178. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.
Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
Sykes, W.R. (2016). Flora of the Cook Islands: 1-973. National Tropical Botanical Garden, Hawaii.
Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.
Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 1: 1-988. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.
Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
VERNACULAR NAME
Chinese (simplified): 兰屿树杞 - 东方紫金牛
Chinese (traditional): 蘭嶼樹杞 - 蘭嶼紫金牛 - 東方紫金牛
English: Shoebutton Ardisia, Blackberry, Duck's eye, coralberry
Indonesian: Lampeni, Buah letus, Lampiko, Rampansi
Japanese: コウトウタチバナ
Java: Mangsi
Russian: Ардизия эллиптическая
Slovak: Ardízia elipsovitá
Thai: พิลังกาสา
Hong Kong: 東方紫金牛
Aryo Bandoro
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