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Polka dot plant (Hypoestes phyllostachya)

Dlium Polka dot plant (Hypoestes phyllostachya)

Polka dot plant (Hypoestes phyllostachya) is a plant species in Acanthaceae, a green shrub with a height of up to 30 cm, producing flowers, green leaves with white or pink or purple spots as if sprayed with paint and many cultivars have these features often blends into a larger color area.

H. phyllostachya has many branches, purplish green stems, opposite leaves, oval, pointed and 2-4 cm long stems. Green leaves with pink spots, although they can range from white to pink to red. The bottom surface is purplish red.





The polka dot plant produces small purple flowers, solitary in a knot that resembles a honeysuckle, formed in a cob at the end of a stem and the fruit is a capsule. This plant most often grows partially in the sun.

H. phyllostachya is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in subtropical and tropical regions. They have many cultivars with green, white or red leaves that are leveled by these colors including Camina, Confetti Blush, Pink Splash, Red Splash and White Splash. Species ini tumbuh pada elevasi 200 meter ke atas, suhu 12-28C, tanah subur dan curah hujan 1600-3000 mm/tahun.

The content in the plant is the diterpenoid furanolabdane, (3R,6R,7E)-3-hydroxy-megastigma-4,7-dien-9-one, (3S)-3-hydroxy-β-ionone, (3S,5R,6S ,7E)-5,6-epoxy-3- hydroxy-megastigma-7-en-9-one, grasshopper ketone, vomifoliol, (+)-dehydrovomifoliol, loliolide, 2,6-dimethyl- 2E,7-octadien-1 ,6-diol, bifurcanol, (12S)-hydroxygeranylgeraniol, nectandrin B, N-trans-feruloyltyramine, syringylethanone, paeonol, vanillin, dehydrozingerone, 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, (2E)-4-hydroxy-2- hexenoic acid.

Species of the genus Hypoestes are also used in the treatment of hypertension, heart disease and stroke, hematoma, relieve pain and inflammation. The diterpenoid furanolabdane was discovered to exhibit strong vasorelaxant effects.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae
Subfamily: Acanthoideae
Tribe: Justicieae
Subtribe: Justiciinae
Genus: Hypoestes Sol. ex R.Br. in Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 474 (1810)
Species: Hypoestes phyllostachya Baker in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 22: 511 (1887)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Eranthemum sanguinolentum Veitch ex Van Houtte in Ann. Gén. Hort. 16: 157 (1865)
Hypoestes lasiostegia var. sanguinolenta (Veitch ex Van Houtte) Benoist in Cat. Pl. Madag., Acanth.: 29 (1939)
Hypoestes sanguinolenta (Veitch ex Van Houtte) Hook. in Bot. Mag. 91: t. 5511 (1865)

PUBLICATIONS

Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.

Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá: 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.

Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2020). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 4(1): 1-904. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Kumar, A. & Paul, T.K. (2009). Hypoestes phyllostachya Baker (Acanthaceae) - A new record for West Bengal state, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 385-386.

López Patiño, E.J., Szeszko, D.R., Rascala Pérez, J. & Beltrán Retis, A.S. (2012). The flora of the Tenacingo-Malinalco-Zumpahuacán protected natural area, state of Mexico, Mexico. Harvard Papers in Botany 17: 65-167.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Ningombam, D.S. (2014). The family Acanthaceae for the flora of Manipur: 1-115. LAP Lambert academic publishing.

Orchard, A.E. (ed.) (1994). Oceanic Islands 1. Flora of Australia 49: 1-681. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

VERNACULAR NAME

Chinese (Simplified): 嫣红蔓 - 红点草 - 花脸草
Chinese (Traditional): 嫣紅蔓
Czech: Podrostovka listoklasá
English: Polka Dot Plant, Baby's Tears, Flamingo Plant, Measles Plant, Polka-Dot-Plant
Finnish: Pilkkulehti
Hebrew: ברוד משובל - היפואסטס
Indonesian: Polkadot, Polkadot Pink
Japanese: ニシキウロコマリ
Lithuanian: Margasis turklenis
Polish: Niedośpian Kłosolistny
Portuguese: Confete
Russian: Гипоэстес листоколосниковый
Slovak: Podrastovka listoklasá
Spanish: Hoja de sangre, Hoja de sangre de Madagascar
Swedish: Rosenstänk
Thai: พืชลายจุด
Turkish: Hostes Çiçeği

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium
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