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Kemadih (Fagraea ceilanica)

Dlium Kemadih (Fagraea ceilanica)

Kemadih (Fagraea ceilanica) is a species of plant in the Gentianaceae family. It grows as a climber and covers host trees. It is a perennial, multi-branched, hardwood plant with hard, brown bark and dark green young bark.



F. ceilanica has thick leaves, 15 cm long and 8 cm wide. A central vein is linear, with a pointed tip and base. The upper surface is dark green and the lower surface is bright green. The petiole is 3 cm long.



The flowers are fan-shaped with 5 inflorescences. The base is narrow, whitish-yellow or bright green, and 8 cm wide. Four inflorescences with brownish-white tips and one inflorescence with a green tip grow in the center. The fruit is green, 3.5 cm long, and the stalk is 2 cm long.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Gentianales
Family: Gentianaceae
Tribe: Potalieae
Subtribe: Potaliinae
Genus: Fagraea Thunb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 3: 125 (1782)
Species: Fagraea ceilanica Thunb. in Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 3: 132 (1782)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Willughbeia ceilanica (Thunb.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 672 (1824)
Atragene ceilanica (Thunb.) Gera in Nuov. Diz. Univ. Ragion. Agric. 6: 507 (1837)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Willughbeia obovata (Wall.) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 4(2): 71 (1827)
Winchia cirrhifera Gardner ex Thwaites in Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 191 (1860)
Bertuchia speciosa Dennst. ex Kostel. in Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 5: 2002 (1836)
Fagraea birmanica Gand. in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 58 (1918)
Fagraea chinensis Merr. in Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 261 (1923)
Fagraea gardneri Thwaites (1860)
Fagraea khasiana Benth. in J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 1: 99 (1856)
Fagraea malabarica Wight in Icon. Pl. Ind. Orient. 5: t. 1817 (1852)
Fagraea malabarica Blume in Rumphia 2: 29 (1838)
Fagraea obovata Wall. in W.Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 2: 33 (1824)
Fagraea obovata var. gardneri (Thwaites) C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 4: 84 (1883)
Fagraea prainii Gand. (1918)
Fagraea rostrata Blume (1838)
Fagraea sasakii Hayata in Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 151 (1913)
Gardenia heteroclyta J.Koenig ex Blume in Mus. Bot. 1: 164 (1850)
Hillia prasiantha Lem. in Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 3: t. 188 (1847)
Solandra oppositifolia Loudon ex G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 476 (1838)
Solandra oppositifolia Moon in Cat. Pl. Ceylon: 15 (1824)

PUBLICATIONS

Choudhary, R.K., Srivastava, R.C., Das, A.K. & Lee, J. (2012). Floristic diversity assessment and vegetation analysis of Upper Siang district of eastern Himalaya in North East India. Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 42: 222-246.

Dassanayake (ed.) (1996). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 10: 1-426. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.

Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter E-F: 1-50919.

Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.

Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.

Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.

Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 3: 1-1248. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.

Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.

Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.

Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) (1960-1972). Flora Malesiana 6: 1-1023. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.

Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. (ed.) (1971-1976). Flora Malesiana 7: 1-876. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.

Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (1996). Flora of China 15: 1-387. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

VERNACULAR NAME

English: Kemadih
Indonesia: Kemadih
Java: Kemadih

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
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