A. muelleri has all leaves or stems or stems that are light green to dark green or gray and has greenish-white patches, smooth or smooth surface. The leaves are elliptical in shape with pointed leaf tips, smooth and wavy surface.
When flushing has 3, 4-5, 5-6 and finally 6 minor leaves branching with 3 minor petioles. Young leaves have light purple or green edges and will end in yellow and 0.3-0.5 mm wide. The whole canopy is 50-150 cm wide.
The stems grow above the tubers with a diameter of 25-50 mm and a height of 75-175 cm. Tubers have a brownish yellow or gray color on the outer surface and brownish yellow on the inside, are slightly oval in shape, fibrous roots, weigh 450-3350 grams, smooth tissue, 4-5 months of dormancy and a glucomannan content of 35-55%.
Bulbil grows on the branching of the leaves, the outside is brown and the inside is yellow, the surface is rough, has a symmetrical or oval shape, weighs 1-23 grams, diameter 1-5 cm, fine tissue structure, 4-5 months of dormancy and levels glucomannan 25-30%.
Compound flowers, fleshy, inflorescent and unisexual with male flowers in the middle of the ear, oval-shaped, tapering to the base, 40-80 mm in diameter, 10-22 cm high, green or greenish yellow and ending in orange-red.
The fruit is formed apomictically, arranged on a stalk, greenish pink when young and red when old. An average of 300 grains per ear, ripen in 8-9 months from flowering and the seeds remain dormant for 1-2 months.
Porang has vegetative organs consisting of leaves, stems, tubers and roots. The pseudo-stem grows for 6 months, then falls off and the tubers that have formed enter dormancy. The tubers will grow into new plants in the following rainy season. When the tuber is big it will grow flowers.
Iles-iles produces a bulbil in the first period, 4-7 bulbil in the second period and 10-20 bulbil in the third period. Bulbil size varies depending on the location of the branching and plant age.
The life cycle starts from seeding to producing fruit and ripens at 38-43 months. The plant will flower if the tuber weighs more than 500 grams and twice the vegetative growth period. Tubers grow maximally after completing the four vegetative period or before entering the sexual period.
Shoots use the nutrient reserves in the seed tubers for stem and leaf growth. Seed tubers will rot to be replaced by new tubers after 60 days and will enlarge using photosynthesis.
A. muelleri is a tropical plant, grows well in shady places such as under bamboo groves and dense forests, altitude 100-600 m, temperature 25-35C, rainfall 300-500 mm/month during vegetative growth periods, loose soil and pH 6-7.5. Many wild plants grow on the slopes of streams and hillsides.
Iles-iles tubers contain carbohydrates as glucomannan which is composed of mannose and glucose. The glucomannan polymer has cellulose and galactomannan characteristics which form crystals and fine fibers. Glucomannan will expand 138-200% rapidly in water.
Tubers are widely used in the food, medicine and cosmetic industries including gelatin, noodles, tofu, cosmetics, bread and glue. Flour is used as a food ingredient for diabetes patients, lowers cholesterol and blood sugar levels, improves digestive function, boosts the immune system and reduces weight.
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Alismatales
Family: Araceae
Subfamily: Aroideae
Tribe: Thomsonieae
Genus: Amorphophallus
Species: Amorphophallus muelleri
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