Sintrong or ebolo or thickhead or redflower ragleaf (Crassocephalum crepidioides) is plant species in Asteraceae, terma height 25-100 cm, white fibrous roots, generally grow wild on the roadside, yard gardens or abandoned lands at altitude 200- 2500 m.
C. crepidioides has erect or horizontal stems along the soil surface, vascular, soft, non-woody, shallow grooves, green, rough surface and short white hair, aromatic fragrance when squeezed. Petiole is spread on stems, tubular and eared.
Single leaf, spread out, green, 8-20 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, longitudinal or round inverted eggshell with a narrow base along the stalk. Pointed tip, flat-edged or curved to pinnate, jagged rough and pointed. The top leaves are smaller and often sit.
Compound flowers grow throughout the year in humps that are arranged in terminal flat panicles and androgynous. Green cuffs with orange-brown to brick-red tips, cylindrical for 13-16 mm long and 5-6 mm wide.
The fruit is hard, slender elongated, has 10 ribs, 2.5 mm long with many fine brush hairs and is white to 9-12 mm long. The seeds spread by riding in the wind and traveling long distances.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Subfamily: Asteroideae
Tribe: Senecioneae
Subtribe: Senecioninae
Genus: Crassocephalum Moench in Methodus: 516 (1794)
Species: Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore in J. Bot. 50: 211 (1912)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Crassocephalum diversifolium var. crepidioides (Benth.) Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 595 (1898)
Gynura crepidioides Benth. in Niger Fl.: 438 (1849)
Senecio crepidioides (Benth.) Asch. in Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 155 (1867)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Crassocephalum crepidioides var. luteum Steen. in J. Indian Bot. Soc. 46: 467 (1967)
Crassocephalum crepidioides f. luteum (Steen.) Belcher in Kew Bull. 44: 540 (1989)
Crassocephalum diversifolium Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 594 (1898)
Crassocephalum diversifolium var. polycephalum (Benth.) Hiern in Cat. Afr. Pl. 1: 594 (1898)
Gynura diversifolia Sch.Bip. ex Asch. in Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 156 (1867)
Gynura microcephala Vatke in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 328 (1875)
Gynura polycephala Benth. in Niger Fl.: 437 (1849)
Senecio diversifolius A.Rich. in Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 437 (1848)
PUBLICATIONS
Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.
Beentje, H.J. (2021). Flore du Gabon 56: 1-148. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim; Meise Botanic Garden.
Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.
Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].
Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.
Kiew, R. & al. (eds.) (2021). Malayan Forest Records 49: 1-403.
Koyama, H., Bunwong, S., Pornpongrungrueng, P. & Hind, D.J.N. (2016). Flora of Thailand 13(2): 143-428. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department.
Lorence, D.H. & Wagnwe, W.L. (2020). Flora of the Marquesas Islands 2: 413-1135. National Tropical Botanic Garden, Smithsonian, DRPF.
Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.
Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.
Pruski, J.F. (ed.) (2018). Flora Mesoamericana 5(2): 1-608. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2024). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 5: 1-432. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal. Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.
Sarder, N.U. & Hassan, M.A. (eds.) (2018). Vascular flora of Chittagong and the Chittagong Hill Tracts 3: 1-978. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.
Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.
Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.
VERNACULAR NAME
Australia: Thickhead
Bali: Kejompot, Kepotpot, Kejelengot
Bunun: Pupunu
Chinese (simplified): 野茼蒿 - 革命菜
Chinese (traditional): 野茼蒿 - 昭和草 - 神仙菜
English: Thickhead, Gynura crepidioides, Redflower ragleaf, Fireweed
Filipino: Borbotak, Bulak manok
Indonesian: Sintrong
Java: Jombloh, Godong bendhot, Othok owok, Truk bintu
Nigerian: Ebolo
Papua New Guinea: Thick head, Marago beja, Yogobikabika
Aryo Bandoro
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