Silver fern (Pityrogramma calomelanos)

akis perak or silver fern (Pityrogramma calomelanos) is a plant species in Pteridaceae, shrub fern, short and erect rhizomes, dark brown woody stems, grows in rocky or sandy soil, stems have smooth rhizomes, spread and are covered by side scales.

P. calomelanos has small cylindrical stems and fibrous roots. Black petiole. Single leaf is green, simple, pinnate or compound, jagged, pointed end and pinnate. Ental double pinnate, alternating and covered with silver flour.

Sexual reproduction uses spores in male and female gametes, while asexuals go through division. Three varieties recorded are Pityrogramma calomelanos var. aureoflava, Pityrogramma calomelanos ssp. austroamericana and Pityrogramma calomelanos var. calomelanos.

Silver ferns grow in open areas on rocky and sandy soils on slopes, often found on the banks of open or protected rivers, flourishing well on highlands up to 1200 meters. Generally live in tight or loose groups that cover an area.

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Subclass: Polypodiidae
Order: Polypodiales
Family: Pteridaceae
Subfamily: Pteridoideae
Genus: Pityrogramma
Species: Pityrogramma calomelanos
Varieties: Pityrogramma calomelanos var. aureoflava, Pityrogramma calomelanos ssp. austroamericana, Pityrogramma calomelanos var. calomelanos

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) manufacture bubble-nets as tools to increase prey intake

NEWS - Humpback whales ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) create bubble net tools while foraging, consisting of internal tangential rings, and actively control the number of rings, their size, depth and horizontal spacing between the surrounding bubbles. These structural elements of the net increase prey intake sevenfold. Researchers have known that humpback whales create “bubble nets” for hunting, but the new report shows that the animals also manipulate them in a variety of ways to maximize catches. The behavior places humpbacks among the rare animals that make and use their own tools. “Many animals use tools to help them find food, but very few actually make or modify these tools themselves,” said Lars Bejder, director of the Marine Mammal Research Program (MMRP), University of Hawaii at Manoa. “Humpback whales in southeast Alaska create elaborate bubble nets to catch krill. They skillfully blow bubbles in patterns that form a web with internal rings. They actively control details such ...

Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides)

Pohpohan clearweed ( Pilea melastomoides ) is a species of plant in the Urticaceae, herbaceous perennial, erect stems, up to 100 cm tall, succulent, square or cylindrical, enlarged in the middle of the internodes, bright green in color and forming colonies in the shade. P. melastomoides has stipules that are immediately deciduous or subpersistent, green or brownish and oblong. The stalk is 2-9 cm long. The leaf blade is ovate or ovate-elliptic or oblong-lanceolate. The surface is wavy, pale green on the underside, dark green on the top. The three main veins are central and linear. Rounded base, tapered ends and serrated edges. The inflorescences are paired, the male is a dense cyme paniculata. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Rosales Family: Urticaceae Genus: Pilea Species: Pilea melastomoides

Petai (Parkia speciosa)

Stink bean or bitter bean or pete or petai ( Parkia speciosa ) is a tropical tree species in Fabaceae, 5-25 m high and branched, reddish brown bark, always green, compound and pinnate leaves, young seeds are harvested as fresh or boiled food . P. speciosa has a hump-shaped flower that hangs with a long stalk, usually appearing near the tips of the branches. Flowers that are young and not yet blooming are green, mature flowers have stamens and pistils, old flowers turn yellow and are large in size. Dozens of long, flat pod-shaped fruits emerge from a flower hump hanging from a tree. Each pod has up to 10-20 seeds that are neatly arranged, green when young and wrapped in a rather thick membrane of light brown. The fruit dries and becomes harder as it ripens and releases the seeds. Petai grows well in wet and slightly wet climates, low land to mountains with an altitude of 1,500 m, open spaces and lots of sun throughout the day with fine-tinted soil and Ph 5.5-6.5. Trees start bea...

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