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Star of Bethlehem (Hippobroma longiflora)

Dlium Star of Bethlehem (Hippobroma longiflora)

Ki tolod or star of Bethlehem (Hippobroma longiflora) is a plant species in Campanulaceae, the shrub stands upright, the leaves are long, the flowers are white, has anti-inflammatory properties but the sap of this plant is poisonous, grows around clear water including ponds and waterways.

H. longiflora has a height of up to 60 cm, branches from the base with a white sap with a sharp and poisonous taste. Single leaf, sitting, lanceolate-shaped strands with a pointed tip, base narrow and 5-17 cm long.



The leaf has a bone in the middle, is linear and several veins sideways, the upper surface is dark green, the lower surface is lighter green. The edges are serrated to dent and the surface is slightly rough.

Single flower, erect, has a long stalk, comes out of the axillary, star-shaped crown and is white. The fruit is square to a bell, ducks, breaks into two spaces and has many seeds.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Asterales
Family: Campanulaceae
Subfamily: Lobelioideae
Genus: Hippobroma G.Don in Gen. Hist. 3: 717 (1834)
Species: Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don in Gen. Hist. 3: 717 (1834)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Isotoma longiflora (L.) C.Presl in Prodr. Monogr. Lobel.: 42 (1836)
Laurentia longiflora (L.) Peterm. in Pflanzenreich: 444 (1845)
Lobelia longiflora L. in Sp. Pl.: 930 (1753)
Rapuntium longiflorum (L.) Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 7 (1768)
Solenopsis longiflora (L.) M.R.Almeida in Fl. Maharashtra 3A: 155 (2001)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Isotoma longiflora var. runcinata (Hassk.) Panigrahi, P.Daniel & M.V.Viswan. in Indian J. Forest. 4: 151 (1981)
Isotoma runcinata Hassk. in Bonplandia (Hannover) 7: 181 (1859)
Laurentia longiflora var. runcinata (Hassk.) E.Wimm. in Ann. Naturhist. Mus. Wien 56: 337 (1948)

PUBLICATIONS

Santisuk, T. & Balslev, H. (eds.) (2014). Flora of Thailand 11(4): 499-666. The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok.

Suzuki, M., Taufatofua, P. & Koyama, T. (2007). New records of plants from Tonga. Makinoa, n.s., 6: 25-62.

Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2011). Flora of China 19: 1-884. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

VERNACULAR NAME

Bali: Sekar bintang
Burmese: ကြယ်ပွင့်
Chinese (simplified): 马醉草 - 同瓣草
Chinese (traditional): 同瓣草 - 馬醉草 - 許氏草
English: Star of Bethlehem, Star flower, Madamfate
French: Lastron blanc, Étoile de Bethléem
German: Stern von Bethlehem
Hawaiian: Pua hoku, Udel ra badrei
Indonesian: Ki tolod, Sangkobak, Bunga bintang, Daun katarak, Tapak leman
Japanese: ホシアザミ
Java: Kendali, Sangkobak, Tapak leman
Khmer: ផ្កាផ្កាយ
Lao: ດອກໄມ້ດາວ
Melayu: Bunga bintang, Lidah payau
Minangkabau: Bungo bintang
Palauan: Udelrabadrei
Portuguese: Arrebenta-boi
Russian: Гиппоброма длинноцветковая
Slovak: Koňotrávka dlhokvetá
Spanish: Estrellita, Revienta Caballos o Flor de Sapo, Quibey
Sunda: Ki Tolod, Kembang béntang
Thai: ปีบฝรั่ง
Vietnam: Hoa sao

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