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Sunset bells (Chrysothemis pulchella)

Dlium Sunset bells (Chrysothemis pulchella)

Sunset bells (Chrysothemis pulchella) is a species of plant in the Gesneriaceae, low shrubs that grow upright or sideways and branch to form colonies in shaded areas, large leaves and striking colored flowers are often used as exterior and interior ornamental plants.

C. pulchella has thick, juicy, bright green stems. Tubers at the base of the stem and sometimes in the axillary of the leaves. The tubers are inactive when the temperature is too low. At a certain temperature, the leaves and stems disappear and dormant tubers begin to re-shoot when the right weather arises.



The leaves are large, elongated oval, sharp edges, serrated margins, wavy surface, a bone in the center with sideways veins. The top surface has a dark green color with a brown and shiny touch, the bottom surface has a reddish brown color.

The flowers are tightly formed as a bunch of leaves, and have a very striking red-orange color. The petals are bright yellow with several stripes or red spots with narrow tubes and widened lobes. The petals only last a day or two, but the colored petals are durable and decorative.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Gesneriaceae
Subfamily: Gesnerioideae
Tribe: Gesnerieae
Subtribe: Columneinae
Genus: Chrysothemis Decne. in Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 3, 3: 242 (1849)
Species: Chrysothemis pulchella (Donn ex Sims) Decne. in Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 3, 3: 242 (1849)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Besleria pulchella Donn ex Sims in Bot. Mag. 28: t. 1146 (1808)
Episcia pulchella (Donn ex Sims) Mart. in Nov. Gen. Sp. Pl. Bras. 3: 39 (1829)
Skiophila pulchella (Donn ex Sims) Hanst. in Linnaea 26: 207 (1854)
Tussacia pulchella (Donn ex Sims) Rchb. ex Walp. in Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 740 (1847)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Besleria formosa F.Dietr. in Neu. Nachtr. Vollst. Lex. Gärtn. 1: 531 (1824)
Besleria umbellata Sims (1808)
Chrysothemis aurantiaca Decne. in Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 3, 4: 381 (1850)
Chrysothemis semiclausa (Hanst.) Leeuwenb. in Meded. Bot. Mus. Herb. Rijks Univ. Utrecht 146: 338 (1958)
Chrysothemis villosa (Benth.) Leeuwenb. (1958)
Tussacia semiclausa Hanst. in Ill. Hort. 17: 140, t. 28 (1870)
Tussacia villosa Benth. in London J. Bot. 5: 363 (1846)
Tussacia woodsonii C.V.Morton in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 26: 308 (1939)
Cyrtandromoea minor Ridl. in J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 49: 20 (1907 publ. 1908)

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.

Clark, J.L. & Noa Monzón, A. (2019). Flora de la republica de Cuba : Serie A, Plantas vasculares 25: 1-123.

Correa A., Mireya D. Galdames, Carmen Correa A., M. D., C. Galdames & M. S. de Stapf (2004). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panamá: 1-599. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.

Govaerts, R. (1999). World Checklist of Seed Plants 3(1, 2a & 2b): 1-1532. MIM, Deurne.

Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Herrera, K., Lorence, D.H., Flynn, T. & Balick, M.J. (2010). Checklist of the Vascular plants of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia with local names and uses. Allertonia 10: 1-204.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.

Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Mora, M.M. & Clark, J.L. (2016). Molecular phylogeny of the neotropical genus Paradrymonia (Gesneriaceae). Systematic Botany 41: 82-104.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Stevens, W.D., Ulloa U., C., Pool, A. & Montiel, O.M. (2001). Flora de Nicaragua. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 85: i-xlii, 1-2666. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Villaseñor, J.L. (2016). Checklist of the native vascular plants of Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87: 559-902.

VERNACULAR NAME

Chinese (simplified): 金红花
Chinese (traditional): 金紅花
Danish: Solklokke
English: Sunset bells, Black flamingo, Black flamingo, Chryothemis, Squarestem
Finnish: Aurinkokello
Guangdong: 金紅花
Hong Kong: 金紅花
Indonesia: Tapak urup, Tapan nyala
Java: Tapak urup
Macao: 金紅花
Portuguese: Begônia-negra
Russian: Хризотемис красивый
Spanish: Hoja de cobre
Taiwan: 金紅花
Thai: กาสะลองป่า

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