Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a species of plant in the Lamiaceae, an annual or sometimes perennial herb, forming a shrub, thick roots, growing erect, 30-150 cm high, stems cylindrical, woody bottom side with brown bark.
O. basilicum has leaves varying in shape from ovate to elongated depending on the cultivar, 3-11 cm long, 1-6 cm wide, pointed to blunt ends, margins flat to serrated, green, a main vein in the middle and several small pinnate veins.
Inflorescences in terminal spikes, growing in a row on an erect stem, long and appearing on the middle stem above the plant. Flowers are white, white, 4 stamens and pistil located above the lower lip of the crown.
Kemangi grows in hot and dry conditions in forests, farmlands, roadsides, bushes and wastelands.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Subfamily: Nepetoideae
Tribe: Ocimeae
Subtribe: Ociminae
Genus: Ocimum L. in Sp. Pl.: 597 (1753)
Species: Ocimum basilicum L. in Sp. Pl.: 597 (1753)
Variety: Ocimum basilicum var. basilicum, Ocimum basilicum var. minimum (L.) Alef.
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Ocimum odorum Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 87 (1796)
PUBLICATIONS
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Kozhevnikov, A.E., Kozhevnikov, Z.V., Kwak, M. & Lee, B.Y. (2019). Illustrated flora of the Primorsky Territory, Russian Far East: 1-1124. National institute of biological resources.
Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.
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National Parks Board Singapore (2006). Vascular Plant Life Checklist Pulau Ubin www.nparks.gov.sg/nparks_cms/cms/cmsmgr/data/6/PlantChkList.xls.
Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Paton, A.J., Bramley, G., Ryding, O., Polhill, R., Harvey, Y., Iwarsson, M., Willis, F., Phillipson, P., Balkwill, K., Lukhoba, C., Otiend, D & Harley (2009). Lamiaceae (Labiatae). Flora of Tropical East Africa: 1-430.
Paton, A.J., Bramley, G., Ryding, O., Polhill, R.M., Harvey, Y.B., Iwarsson, M., Otieno, D., Balkwill, K., Phillipson, P.B., Harley, R.M. & Willis, F. (2013). Flora Zambesiaca 8(8): 1-346. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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VERNACULAR NAME
Afrikaans: Basielkruid
Arabic: ريحان
Armenian: Ռեհան բուրավետ
Asturian: Alfhabaca
Bengali: খুবকলম Khubkalam
Chinese (simplified): 九层塔 - 罗勒 - 金不换
Chinese (traditional): 九層塔 - 羅勒
Croatian: Bosiljak
Czech: Bazalka pravá
Danish: Basilikum
Dutch: Basilicum
English: Basil, Sweet basil, Thai basil
Estonian: Vürtsbasiilik
Filipino: Balanoy, Solasi, Kamangi
Finnish: Basilika
French: Basilic, Basilic commun
German: Basilikum
Greek: Κοινός Βασιλικός - Ώκιμον το βασιλικόν
Guangdong: 九層塔 - 羅勒
Hawaiian: Ki 'a'ala
Hebrew: ריחן הבזיל
Hindi: बबूल - बबुई तुलसी - राम तुलसी Babul, Babui tulsi, Ram Tulsi
Hong Kong: 九層塔 - 羅勒
Hungarian: Bazsalikom
Indonesian: Selasih, Tlasih, Kemangi
Italian: Basilico
Japan: メボウキ - 目箒
Kannada: Kamakastoori, Kamagaggare, Kaama kasturi
Khmer: ឈី នាងវង្ស Chi neang vong
Korean: 스위트바질
Lao: ຜັກອີ່ຕູ່ Phak 'ix tux
Lithuanian: Kvapusis bazilikas
Macao: 九層塔 - 羅勒
Malayalam: Kattuthrithavu, Tirunetru, Pach-cha-pushpam, Pachcha, ram-tulasi, Ramathulasi
Malaysia: Kemangi, Selasi jantan, Selasi hitam
Manipuri: Naosek lei, Tulsi
Marathi: Bhoo tulasi, Bhu-tulasi
Palauan: Ruraked
Polish: Bazylia pospolita
Portuguese: Manjericão
Russian: Базилик душистый - Базилик обыкновенный
Sanskrit: Barbari
Sinhala: සුවඳ තලා
Slovak: Bazalka pravá
Spanish: Albahaca blanca, Albahaca dulce
Sunda: Surawung
Swedish: Basilika
Taiwan: 九層塔 - 羅勒
Tamil: Tirunittru, Chankanirakkarantai, Chapchavitai
Telugu: Bhoo tulasi, Bhu-tulasi, Rudrajada, Comgobbiri
Thai: โหระพา
Turkish: Fesleğen, Reyhan otu
Ukrainian: Васильки справжні - базилік
Urdu: Burg faranjmushk, Burg firanjmishk
Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
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