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Hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta)

Dlium Hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta)

Hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) is a species of plant in the Fabaceae, a perennial shrub, growing broadly, stems falling, cylindrical, red or green, white hair, growing in open forests, agricultural land, roadsides and abandoned lands.

I. hirsuta has leaves with horizontal sitting stalks, red and white hairs. Each leaf has 7 strands. Each strand is ovoid with a rounded base and tip, green, white hair, a main vein in the middle with several small pinnate veins.



The inflorescences in panicles at the ends of the stems are green and hairy. The flowers are lined on long, erect stalks, the crown is reddish and hairy. The pistil sticks out of the crown. The pods are tubular, long, green and hairy.

This species grows in humid tropical areas, elevations up to 1350 meters, is intolerant of frost and waterlogging, temperatures of 13-34C, full sunlight, rainfall of 900-1,700 mm/year and soil pH of 5.5-6.5.

This plant contains phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and kaempferol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, glycosides, steroids. Often used to treat diarrhea, brain disorders, back pain, lotion for yaws, liver problems, lungs, paralysis, epilepsy, seizures, kidneys, hemorrhoids, venereal diseases and food poisoning.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Faboideae
Tribe: Indigofereae
Genus: Indigofera L. in Sp. Pl.: 751 (1753)
Species: Indigofera hirsuta L. in Sp. Pl.: 751 (1753)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Anil hirsuta (L.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 160 (1891)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Astragalus spicatus Burm. ex Guill. & Perr. in Fl. Seneg. Tent.: 182 (1832)
Hedysarum coccineum Zipp. ex Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 305 (1855)
Indigofera angustifolia Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 596 (1837)
Indigofera barbata Desv. in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 9: 410 (1826)
Indigofera ferruginea Schumach. & Thonn. in C.F.Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 370 (1827)
Indigofera fusca G.Don in Gen. Hist. 2: 211 (1832)
Indigofera hirsuta var. pumila Welw. ex Baker in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 2: 89 (1871)
Indigofera hirta Bojer in Hortus Maurit.: 91 (1837)
Indigofera indica Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 4 (1768)
Indigofera rhodosantha Zipp. ex Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 305 (1855)

PUBLICATIONS

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Darbyshire, I., Kordofani, M., Farag, I., Candiga, R. & Pickering, H. (eds.) (2015). The Plants of Sudan and South Sudan: 1-400. Kew publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

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Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. (2008). Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Forzza, R.C., Zappi, D. & Souza, V.C. (2016-continuously updated). Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção http://reflora.jbrj.gov.br/reflora/listaBrasil/ConsultaPublicaUC/ResultadoDaConsultaNovaConsulta.do.

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George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. (eds.) (2003). Plants of Southern Africa an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 1-1231. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.

Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.

Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].

Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera & C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2010). Manual de plantas de Costa Rica volumen V. Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae-Gunneraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 119: 1-970. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.

Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.

Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánes, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Kumar, S. & Sane, P.V. (2003). Legumes of South Asia. A Checklist: 1-536. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lebrun, J.-P., Audru, J., Gaston, A. & Mosnier, M. (1972). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Tchad Méridional: 1-289. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.

Lebrun, J.P., Toutain, B., Gaston, A. & Boudet, G. (1991). Catalogue des Plantes Vasculaires du Burkina Faso: 1-341. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.

Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.

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Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Peyre de Fabregues, B. & Lebrun, J.-P. (1976). Catalogue des Plantes Vascularies du Niger: 1-433. Institut d' Elevage et de Médecine Vétérinaire des Pays Tropicaux, Maisons Alfort.

Polhill, R.M. (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 80: 1-235. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.

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Smith, A.C. (1985). Flora Vitiensis Nova. A new flora for Fiji (Spermatophytes only) 3: 1-758. Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden, Lawai.

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Thaman, R.R., Fosberg, F.R., Manner, H.I. & Hassall, D.C. (1994). The Flora of Nauru. Atoll Research Bulletin 392: 1-223.

Velayos, M. & al. (eds.) (2015). Flora de Guinea Ecuatorial 5: 1-529. Consejo superior de investigaciones científicas, Real jardín botánico, Madrid.

Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.

Wright, R.A.S. & al. (2023). Noteworthy collections: Maryland and Virginia. Castanea 88: 61-78.

Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2010). Flora of China 10: 1-642. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Zhu, X.Y., Zhang, R.P. & He, Y.L. (eds.) (2021). An inventory of legume species diversity of Myanmar: 1-297. China Minzu university press.

de la Estrella, M., Cabezas, F.J., Aedo, C. & Velayos, M. (2010). The Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) of Equatorial Guinea (Annobón, Bioko and Río Muni). Folia Geobotanica 45: 1-57.

VERNACULAR NAME

Bali: Taum
Chinese (Simplified): 硬毛木蓝
Chinese (Traditional): 硬毛木藍 - 剛毛木籃 - 毛木藍
English: Hairy indigo, Rough hairy indigo
Filipino: Tayom, Tagum, Tina-tinaan
French: Indigotier hérissé
Guangdong: 硬毛木藍 - 剛毛木籃
Hebrew: אינדיגו שעיר
Hindi: अंधी-नील - काली काठी Andhi-neel, Kali kathi
Hong Kong: 硬毛木藍 - 剛毛木籃
Indonesian: Tom Toman
Japanese: タヌキコマツナギ
Java: Tom toman, Tom
Korean: 털이 남색
Macao: 硬毛木藍 - 剛毛木籃
Malayalam: Kattu-tagera
Malaysia: Cermai burong
Nusa Tenggara Timur: Talung
PNG: Tildjil, Wiereka
Polish: Indygowiec kosmaty
Portuguese: Anileira
Spanish: Añil Velloso
Sulawesi: Tebawang amjak
Sunda: Jukut lulut, Tarum
Taiwan: 硬毛木藍 - 剛毛木籃
Tamil: தட்டைக்கருன்கொல்லு Tattaikkarunkollu
Telugu: Kolapattitulu, Peru vempali, Adavi mentee
Thai: ครามขน

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