American black nightshade (Solanum americanum)

Ranti cakra or American black nightshade (Solanum americanum) is a species of plant in the Solanaceae, annual or short-lived shrub, erect, growing to 1-1.5 meters in height, stems cylindrical, branched, green or black in color and may or may not be scaly.

S. americanum has leaves alternate on the branches and has a long stalk up to 4 cm. Strands vary widely in size, up to 10 cm long, up to 7 cm wide, blunt base, pointed tip, flat margins, dark green.

Flowers have a diameter of about 1 cm, white or sometimes light purple and yellow stamens.

The fruit is a berry and has a long stalk, green and glossy black, 5-10 mm in diameter and contains many small seeds.

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Solanales
Family: Solanaceae
Subfamily: Solanoideae
Tribe: Solaneae
Genus: Solanum
Complex: Solanum nigrum
Species: Solanum americanum

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Indian rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia)

Sonokeling or Java palisandre or Indian rosewood ( Dalbergia latifolia ) is a species of plant in the Fabaceae, a large tree producing hardwood, medium weight and high quality, rounded leaves, thin and broad pods, highly adaptive, grows in dry and rocky landscapes with lots of sunlight. D. latifolia has medium to large size, cylindrical stems, up to 40 m high with a ring of up to 2 m, the bark is brownish gray and slightly cracked longitudinally. The crown is dense, dome-shaped and sheds leaves. The leaves are compound and pinnate oddly with 5-7 strands that have different sizes and appear alternately on the shaft. The leaves are round or elongated in width or heart, the upper surface is green and the surface is pale green. The flowers are small, 0.5-1 cm long and clustered in panicles. The pods are green to brown when ripe and are elongated lanceolate, pointed at the base and tip. The pods have 1-4 seeds which are soft and brownish. Indian rosewood grows at elevations below 600 m,

Sengiran (Pittosporum moluccanum)

Sengiran ( Pittosporum moluccanum ) is a species of plant in the Pittosporaceae, small tree, up to 7 meters high, green leaves, elliptical to narrow elliptical, up to 17 cm long, up to 6 cm wide, sharp tip, narrow base and 1-1.5 cm long stalk. P. moluccanum has an inflorescence which is a collection of flowers. The fruit is red, capsule-shaped, elongated oval, sharp tip, 2 broken valves containing small and red seeds. This species grows in forests, plantations, roadsides, open or shaded areas. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Apiales Family: Pittosporaceae Genus: Pittosporum Species: Pittosporum moluccanum

Evolution theory goes beyond

OPINION - As a Wallacean and Darwinian, I have always viewed life from the perspective of evolutionism. I see the world of plants and animals always using evolutionary theories. How a species develops functional organs, forms morphology, adapts to ecosystems and so on as a natural laws. This perspective ultimately forms my framework for thinking about various things, including the way I see myself, everyday problems and the way I think about big things such as economics, geopolitics, war and so on using an evolutionary perspective. Alfred Russel Wallace, Charles Darwin and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck are three great figures who really inspired me. They are well known as pioneers of evolutionary theories. They start from small things in the sub-subject of biology, although they also discuss geology and so on. Wallace focused on species adaptation and Darwin on sexual selection. Both developed evolutionary thinking using observational methods. Lamarck focused on structural morphology using l

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