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Rubber plant (Ficus elastica)

Dlium Rubber plant (Ficus elastica)

Rubber plant (Ficus elastica) is a species of plant in Moraceae, parenial, small tree up to 30 meters high, trunk diameter up to 2 meters, has hanging roots as anchors in the ground and helps support the weight of branches.

F. elastica has a brown taproot and aerial roots. Stem erect, cylindrical, branching simpodial, bark surface rough and dark brown.





The leaves are arranged alternately, oval in shape, thick, flat edge, tapered tip and base, green to red, 10-35 cm long, 5-15 cm wide, leaves on young plants sometimes have a length of up to 45 cm.

The leaves develop in a red sheath on the apical meristem which grows larger as new leaves develop. When mature this sheath falls off.

Flowers have green petals and are cup-shaped. The stamens are white, 7 mm long, the anthers are black and round in shape. The pistil is 1-2 cm long, the stigma is round and black. The crown is ribbon-shaped, smooth and yellow.

The fruit is round, 1-2 cm in diameter and dark green in color. The seeds are round and white.

The roots are used to treat ulcers, ulcers, rheumatism and joint pain. Sap for rubber making material and ulcer treatment. Leaves to help treat stroke.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Rosales
Family: Moraceae
Tribe: Ficeae
Genus: Ficus Tourn. ex L. in Sp. Pl.: 1059 (1753)
Species: Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. in Suppl. Hort. Bot. Hafn.: 7 (1819)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Stilpnophyllum elasticum (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Drury in Handb. Ind. Fl. 3: 225 (1869)
Urostigma elasticum (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Miq. in London J. Bot. 6: 578 (1847)
Visiania elastica (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Gasp. in Nov. Gen. Fic.: 9 (1844)
Macrophthalma elastica (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Gasp. in Ric. Caprifico: 83 (1845)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Ficus clusiifolia Summerh. in J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 152 (1929)
Ficus cordata Kunth & C.D.Bouché in Index Seminum (B, Berolinensis) 1846: 14 (1847)
Ficus elastica var. belgica L.H.Bailey & E.Z.Bailey in E.Z.Bailey, Hortus Second.: 308 (1941)
Ficus elastica var. benghalensis Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 446 (1825)
Ficus elastica var. decora Guillaumin in Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 21: 722 (1949)
Ficus elastica var. karet (Miq.) Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 3: 265 (1867)
Ficus elastica var. minor Miq. (1867)
Ficus elastica var. odorata (Miq.) Miq. (1867)
Ficus elastica var. rubra L.H.Bailey & E.Z.Bailey (1941)
Ficus elastica var. rubrinervis Sata in Contr. Hort. Inst. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 32: 67 (1944)
Ficus elastica var. variegata W.Bull in Nursery Cat. (William Bull) 199: 49 (1884)
Ficus karet (Miq.) King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. (Calcutta) 2(Index): 3 (1888)
Ficus skytinodermis Summerh. in J. Arnold Arbor. 14: 62 (1933)
Ficus taeda Kunth & C.D.Bouché (1847)
Urostigma circumscissum Miq. in Pl. Jungh.: 292 (1854)
Urostigma elasticum var. latifolium Miq. (1847)
Urostigma karet Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(2): 348 (1859)
Urostigma odoratum Miq. (1851)

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.

Berendsohn, W.G., Gruber, A.K. & Monterrosa Salomón, J. (2012). Nova Silva Cusatlantica. Árboles natinos e introducidos de El Salvador. Parte 2: Angiospermae - Familias M a P y Pteridophyta. Englera 29-2: 1-300.

Bosser, J., Cadet, T., Guého, J. & Marais, W. (eds.) (1985). Flore des Mascareignes 161-169: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.

Brako, L. & Zarucchi, J.L. (1993). Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 45: i-xl, 1-1286. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Chaudhary, L.B., Sudhakar, J.V., Kumar, A., Bajpai, O., Tiwari, R. & Murthy, G.V.S. (2012). Synopsis of the genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) in India. Taiwania 57: 193-216.

Dassanayake (ed.) (1981). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 3: 1-499. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.

Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. Chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.

Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (1997). Flora of North America North of Mexico 3: 1-590. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.

Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter E-F: 1-50919.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Jones, M. (1991). A checklist of Gambian plants: 1-33. Michael Jones, The Gambia College.

Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.

Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.

Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.

Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.

MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.

Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.

Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.

Pandey, R.P. & Dilwakar, P.G. (2008). An integrated check-list flora of Andaman and Nicobar islands, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 32: 403-500.

Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Pusalkar, P.K., Mao, A.A. & Inge, P. (eds.) (2022). Flora of India 24: 1-688. Botanical Survey of India.

Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655.

Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2003). Flora of China 5: 1-505. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

von Raab-Straube, E. & Raus, T. (eds.) (2015). Euro+Med-Checklist Notulae, 5. Willdenowia 45: 449-464.

VERNACULAR NAME

Afrikaans: Rubbervy
Assamese: Atha-bor, Atha bor
Burmese: Bedi
Catalan: Ficus de cautxú
Chinese (simplified): 印度榕 - 橡皮树
Chinese (traditional): 印度榕 - 印度橡膠樹
Croatian: Gumijevac
Czech: Fíkovník pryžodárný
Dafla: Chang-krang
Danish: Gummifigen
Dutch: Indische rubberboom
English: Rubber plant, India rubber tree, Rubber fig, Rubber bush, Indian rubber bush, Rambung
Estonia: Kummipuu
Finnish: Kumiviikuna
French Caoutchouc, Arbre à caoutchouc
German: Gummibaum
Guangdong: 印度榕
Hebrew: פיקוס הגומי
Hill-Miri: Sangri
Hong Kong: 印度榕
Hungarian: Szobafikusz
Indonesian Karet merah, Karet kebo
Italian: Fico del caucciù
Japan: アッサムゴム - インドゴムノキ
Kannada: Goli, Goni, Seemeala, India rubber mara
Khasi: Diengjri
Lithuanian: Stambialapis fikusas
Macao: 印度榕
Malayalam: Shimayal, Simayal
Malaysia: Bunoh seteroh
Marathi: Rabracho-vad
Minang: Kajai
Mizo: Thialret
Palauan: Komunoki
Polish: Figowiec sprężysty, Fikus sprężysty
Portuguese: Borracheira, Figueira-da-borracha, Figueira-do-caucho
Russian: Фикус каучуконосный
Slovak: Figovník kaučukový
Spanish: Caucho, Gomero, Hule asiático
Sumatera: Rambung
Sunda: Ki karet
Swedish: Fönsterfikus
Taiwan: 印度橡膠樹
Telugu: Rabbaru, Sagubanka, Simamarri, Rubber chettu
Thai: ยางอินเดีย
Turkish: Kauçuk
Ukrainian: Фікус каучуковий

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
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