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False ironwort (Hyptis capitata)

Dlium False ironwort (Hyptis capitata)

False ironwort (Hyptis capitata) is a plant species in Lamiaceae, a shrub that lives annually, grows upright, up to 1 meter high, stems have four corners, rough, green and white hair, fibrous roots and brownish yellow.

H. capitata has leaves that sit opposite each other, hairy stalks and 2-5 cm long. Leaf blade elongated oval, pointed tip, blunt base, serrated edge, a main vein in the middle with pinnate small veins, green surface and fine hairs.



Compound inflorescence, terminal in the leaf axils and in the form of bunches. Perfect flower, petals attached and forming a tube. Single fruit, hard, capsule-shaped and hairy surface.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Lamiaceae
Subfamily: Nepetoideae
Tribe: Ocimeae
Subtribe: Hyptidinae
Genus: Hyptis Jacq. in Collectanea 1: 101 (1787)
Species: Hyptis capitata Jacq. in Collectanea 1: 102 (1787)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Clinopodium capitatum (Jacq.) Sw. in Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occid.: 88 (1788)
Mesosphaerum capitatum (Jacq.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 525 (1891)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Hyptis capitata var. mariannarum (Briq.) Briq. in Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 2: 225 (1898)
Hyptis capitata var. mexicana Briq. (1898)
Hyptis capitata var. pilosa Briq. (1898)
Hyptis capitata var. vulgaris Briq. (1898)
Hyptis celebica Zipp. ex Koord. in Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19: 561 (1898)
Hyptis decurrens (Blanco) Epling in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 34: 120 (1933)
Hyptis macrochila Mart. ex Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 1: 74 (1840)
Hyptis mariannarum Briq. in H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(3a): 343 (1897)
Hyptis pittieri Briq. (1898)
Hyptis rhomboidea M.Martens & Galeotti in Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(2): 188 (1844)
Mesosphaerum pittieri Briq. (1898)
Mesosphaerum rhombodeum (M.Martens & Galeotti) Kuntze (1891)
Pycnanthemum decurrens Blanco in Fl. Filip., ed. 2.: 333 (1845)
Thymus virginicus Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 478 (1837)

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Aung, Y.L., Aung, M.H., Tan, Y. & Jin, X. (2025). An updated checklist of vascular plants of Myanmar. PhytoKeys 261: 135-364.

Baker, R.E.D. in Williams, R.O. (1955). Labiatae. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago 2(6): 421-435. Government Printing Office, Port-of-Spain.

Bramley, G.L.C. & al. (eds.) in Ridley, H.N. (2022). Flora of the Malay Peninsula, ser. II, 9: 1-301. Authority of teh Government of the Straits Settlements.

Bramley, G.L.C. (2019). Flora Malesiana 23: 1-444. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta.

Davidse, G. & al. (eds.) (2012). Flora Mesoamericana 4(2): 1-533. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.

Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

George, A.S., Orchard, A.E. & Hewson, H.J. (eds.) (1993). Oceanic islands 2. Flora of Australia 50: 1-606. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Girmansyah, D. & al. (eds.) (2013). Flora of Bali an annotated checklist: 1-158. Herbarium Bogorensis, Indonesia.

Gonzalez, F., Nelson Diaz, J. & Lowry, P. (1995). Flora Illustrada de San Andrés y Providencia: 1-281. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Colombia.

Govaerts, R. (2003). World Checklist of Selected Plant Families Database in ACCESS: 1-216203. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Harley, R.M. (2012). Checklist and key of genera and species of the Lamiaceae of the Brazilian Amazon. Rodriguésia; Revista do Instituto de Biologia Vegetal, Jardim Botânico e Estaçao Biologica do Itatiaya 63: 129-144.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.

Karthigeyan, K., Pandey, R.P. & Mao, A.A. (eds.) (2023). Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands 2: 1-689. Botanical Survey of India. Ministry of environment, forest and climate change.

Khanam, M. & Hassan, M.A. (2008). Lamiaceae. Flora of Bangladesh 58: 1-161. Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka.

Lorence, D.H. & Wagner, W.L. (2020). Flora of the Marquesas Islands 2: 413-1135. National Tropical Botanic Garden, Smithsonian, DRPF.

Martínez-Gordillo, M. & al. (2019). Flora del Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Lamiaceae: 1-233. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

National Parks Board Singapore (2006). Vascular Plant Life Checklist Pulau Ubin www.nparks.gov.sg/nparks_cms/cms/cmsmgr/data/6/PlantChkList.xls.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Pandey, R.P. (2009). Floristic diversity of Ferrargunj forest area in South Andaman. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 33: 747-768.

Reddy, G.V.P. (2011). Survey of invasive plants on Guam and identification of the 20 most widespread. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 41: 263-274.

Suddee, S., Paton, A.J. & Parnell, J.A.N. (2004). A taxonomic revision of tribe Ocimeae Dumort. (Lamiaceae) in Continental South East Asia. I. Introduction, Hyptidinae & Hanceolinae. Kew Bulletin 59: 337-378.

Takeuchi, W. (2005). Floristic notes from a holocene successional environment in Papuasia. Harvard Papers in Botany 10: 95-116.

Turner, I.M. (1995). A catalogue of the vascular plants of Malaya. Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(1): 1-346.

Welsh, S.L. (1998). Flora Societensis: 1-420. E.P.S. Inc. Utah.

Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.

VERNACULAR NAME

Aceh: Bungong tombol
Chinese (simplified): 吊球草
Chinese (traditional): 吊球草
English: False ironwort, Knob grass, Knobweed, Lesser roundhead
Hong Kong: 吊球草
Indonesia: Rumput kenop, Bunga kancing
Japanese: ボタンフラワー
Java: Kembang pentol
Macao: 吊球草
Minang: Bungo kanciang
Russian: Хиптис головчатый
Spanish: Biojo, Botoncillo
Sunda: Boborongan
Thai: ดอกไม้กระดุม

Aryo Bandoro
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