Marvel of Peru (Mirabilis jalapa)

Marvel of Peru or four o'clock flower (Mirabilis jalapa) is a plant species in the Nyctaginaceae, herbaceous perennial, 20-80 cm high, thick stem, quadrangular with many branches and rooted in knots and postures often flat, tubers blackish brown with a white filling and elongated round shape with a size of 7–9 cm and 2–5 cm in diameter

M. jalapa has blackish brown tubers, white inside, elongated round shape, 7-9 cm long and 2-5 cm in diameter. Leaves are heart-shaped, green, 2-11 cm long and 1-7 cm wide. Leaf base rounded, tapered tip and flat edge. Leaf stalks are 1-6 cm long.

The flowers are trumpet-shaped and come in many colors including red, white and yellow. Single seeded fruit, round, hard, wrinkled, yellow-green when young and black when ripe. Fruit can be made as a powder.

It is called the four o'clock flower because it usually blooms at four o'clock in the afternoon due to light stimulation or photonasty. This plant is included in the Dicotyledones class because it has two pieces of seeds, petals with multiples of 4-5 and finger veins.

The flower contains eight betaxanthins (indicaxanthin, vulgaxanthin-I, miraxanthin-I, II, III, IV, V and VI). The root contains rotenoid (mirabijalone A, B, C and D, 9-O-methyl-4-hydroxyboeravinone B, boeravinone C and boeravinone F, and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-methylisoquinoline-7,8-diol ). The seeds contain fatty acids (8-hydroxyoctadeca-cis-11,14-dienoic acid). The methanol extract produces β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and brassicasterol.

The plant extract has antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans and moderate activity as an inhibitor of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Flowers are processed into fresh drinks. The content of betaxanthis, fatty acid substances and oil acid substances can be used as drugs to improve blood circulation and diuretics. Plants are also used to relieve tonsillitis, sore throat, coughing up blood, cancer, kidney stones, gallstones and diabetes, dysentery, infected wounds, bee stings and scorpions.

The leaves are used to reduce inflammation, treat abscesses and treat wounds. The seeds are considered toxic but can be powdered as a cosmetic and dye. The dried flower powder is used to treat headaches and the root decoction is used to wash wounds and treat skin conditions such as leprosy. The juice extracted from the flowers is used for herpes lesions and earaches. The juice extracted from the root is used to treat earaches, diarrhoea, dysentery, syphilis, liver infections and as a laxative.

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Nyctaginaceae
Genus: Mirabilis
Species: Mirabilis jalapa
Variety: Mirabilis jalapa var. jalapa, Mirabilis jalapa var. oaxacana

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