Wana Tirta Mangrove Forest

Wana Tirta Mangrove Forest is a mangrove vegetation that grows in brackish water and is influenced by sea tides in Temon District, Kulonprogo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. This mangorve forest area grows a cape at the mouth of the Bogowonto River to enter the Indian Ocean.

This forest grows on top of the lubrication and accumulation of organic matter carried by the flow of the Bogowonto River which originates on Mount Sumbing. The bays are protected from the onslaught of waves and around the mouth of the river where the water slows down and settles the mud carried from upstream.

Vegetation

Species covering the Wana Tirta mangrove forest are Avicennia alba, Rhizopora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Acanthus ilicifolius and Nypa fruticans.

Avicennia alba

Avecennia alba is a thicket or tree that grows spread, up to 25 meters high, the outer bark is grayish or dark and horizontal roots. The leaves are lanceolate or elliptical with a tapered tip and smooth surface, the upper part is shiny green and the bottom is pale. This species has five flower petals and four stamens. Fruit cone and light yellowish green.

Rhizophora mucronata

This tree has a height of up to 27 meters, a diameter of up to 70 centimeters and dark bark. The leaves are elliptical with a tapered tip and green leaf stalks. It has four petals, pale yellow, has eight stamens and is not stemmed. The elliptical fruit is brownish green and has a single seed.

Sonneratia alba

Trees have a height of up to 15 meters and bark is white to brown. The leaves are round inverted shape with rounded edges. It has 6 to 8 flower petals with a bell-like shape, green outer parts and reddish inner parts. The fruit is like a ball, a stem end and the base is wrapped in flower petals.

Acanthus ilicifolius

A. ilicifolius is a low herb and grows only 2 meters, branches generally up and not many. Wide lancet-shaped leaves with tapered and spiked ends. Flower crowns are light blue to violet purple and sometimes white. Oval-shaped fruit.

Fauna

Wana Tirta Mangrove Forest is home to a variety of animals including water monitor lizards (Varanus salvator), mangrove crabs (Scylla serrata), mud shrimp (Thalassina anomala), mangrove snails (Telescopium telescopium) and various Mudskipper (Oxudercinae).

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Indian rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia)

Sonokeling or Java palisandre or Indian rosewood ( Dalbergia latifolia ) is a species of plant in the Fabaceae, a large tree producing hardwood, medium weight and high quality, rounded leaves, thin and broad pods, highly adaptive, grows in dry and rocky landscapes with lots of sunlight. D. latifolia has medium to large size, cylindrical stems, up to 40 m high with a ring of up to 2 m, the bark is brownish gray and slightly cracked longitudinally. The crown is dense, dome-shaped and sheds leaves. The leaves are compound and pinnate oddly with 5-7 strands that have different sizes and appear alternately on the shaft. The leaves are round or elongated in width or heart, the upper surface is green and the surface is pale green. The flowers are small, 0.5-1 cm long and clustered in panicles. The pods are green to brown when ripe and are elongated lanceolate, pointed at the base and tip. The pods have 1-4 seeds which are soft and brownish. Indian rosewood grows at elevations below 600 m,

Lawe (Abroma augustum)

Lawe or devil's cotton ( Abroma augustum ) is a plant species in Malvaceae, a small tree or bush that is erect, up to 10 m tall but generally 2-3 m tall, stems and twigs covered with star hair that are sharp, brittle and cause skin itching, sometimes also with glandular hair. A. augustum has a single leaf, alternating, has a long stalk, a heart-shaped base, a pointed tip with a very variable base whose leaves near the base of the branch have a circular shape from the egg to the heart, 3-5 curves, diameter 20-37 cm, while the leaves near the tips of twigs have elongated shapes with smooth toothed edges. The flowers gather in cymes at the tips of the twigs or face leaves, 1-4 buds, 1-3 cm long stems and 6-8 mm bractea. Hanging flowers, 3-5 cm in diameter, 5 angles and 1-3.5 cm long stems. The petals have 5 leaves, share a deep, triangular, 15-20 mm long, 6 mm wide and greenish. The crown has 5 leaves, spoon-shaped, 2-3.5 cm long, 1 cm wide, dark purple or red or yellow, concave an

Bush sorrel (Hibiscus surattensis)

Bush sorrel ( Hibiscus surattensis ) is a plant species in Malvaceae, annual shrub, crawling on the surface or climbing, up to 3 meters long, thorny stems, green leaves, yellow trumpet flowers, grows wild in forests and canal edges, widely used for vegetables and treatment. H. surattensis has stems with spines and hairs, branching and reddish green. Petiole emerges from the stem with a straight edge to the side, up to 11 cm long, sturdy, thorny, hairy and reddish green. The leaves have a length of 10 cm, width of 10 cm, 3-5 lobed, each has a bone in the middle with several pinnate veins, sharp tip, sharp and jagged edges, wavy, stiff, green surface. Flowers up to 10 cm long, trumpet-shaped, yellow with a purple or brown or red center, solitary, axillary. Epicalyx has forked bracts, linear inner branches, spathulate outer branches. Stalks up to 6-7 cm. The seeds have a length of 3-3.5 mm and a width of 2.5 mm. Bush sorrels grow in pastures, marshes, abandoned fields and plantations,

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