Dlium

Poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima ) is a plant species in Euphorbiaceae which is famous for its striking leaves. Shrubs or small trees 0.6-4 meters high, forming canopy with a diameter of about 2 meters and having dark green leaves with a length of 7-16 cm. E. pulcherrima has single elliptical or ovoid leaves with stems mostly 2-4 curves. The tip of the leaf is pointed with the arrangement of pinnate bones and the upper part is bright red or orange, pale green, cream and white according to the variety. The color of red leaves is created through photoperiodism which requires darkness for 12 hours for at least five consecutive days to change color. At the same time, plants need abundant light during the day for the brightest colors. This species has simple flowers forming groups in small yellow structures in the middle of each leaf bunch. Single house flowers, yellow and do not fall easily for several weeks, but stamens will fall out. Female flowers sit between male flowers with...

Cembirit ( Tabernaemontana macrocarpa ) is a species of shrub in the Apocynaceae or tree up to 30 meters high with a trunk diameter of up to 50 cm, yellowish brown, brown, grey-brown or gray bark and abundant white gum. T. macrocarpa grows in forests from sea level to an elevation of 1500 meters in a natural habitat of karst ecosystems, flowers all year round and is a pre-disturbance plant. The fragrant flowers feature a combination of cream, white and orange corolla lobes. The single alternate leaves are oblong to lanceolate in shape, up to 23 cm long and up to 7 cm wide. The base of the leaf and the tip are sharp with flat edges, the upper surface is smooth green and the lower surface is light green smooth. Fruit with paired follicles, round or oval in shape, each up to 10 cm in diameter. The fruit is green and will turn orange as it matures. They will split completely and face down when ripe and the flesh will be dark red. Each fruit contains 90-120 black seeds with a seed ger...

Tea plant ( Camellia sinensis ) is a plant species in Theaceae where leaves and twigs are used to make drinks. White tea, green tea, oolong tea and black tea or red tea are produced by the leaves of this species, but are processed differently to obtain different levels of oxidation, while Kukicha is produced from twigs. A small shrub or tree that is usually trimmed at the top to harvest leaves. Strong taproots, yellow-white flowers 2.5-4 cm in diameter and 7-8 petals. The leaves have 4-15 cm long, 2-5 cm wide and short white hairs at the bottom. Young leaves are light green and dark leaves are darker in color. Seeds are pressed or squeezed to get oil as a spice that has a rather sweet taste and cooking oil, while wood produces an essential oil that is used for health and beauty purposes. Fresh leaves contain caffeine 4%. Younger leaves are more preferred, usually shoots until the first three leaves are harvested for processing. Harvesting is repeated every two weeks. This plan...

Gagak hutan or jungle crow or large-billed crow ( Corvus macrorhynchos ) is a bird species, distinctive in vocal, morphological and genetic. At least 9 subspecies are C. m. colonorum , C. m. connectens , C. m. intermedius , C. m. japonensis , C. m. macrorhynchos , C. m. Marxchuricus , C. m. osai , C. m. philippinus and C. m. tibetosinensis . C. macrorhynchos is very adaptable and survives in various food sources. The overall size is 46-59 cm, has large bills and body proportions vary subspecies. The bill is large, relatively long, the top is thick and curved. Call loud and echoing. They are social animals and have a linear dominance hierarchy based on individual recognition. Dark gray fur on the back, neck, shoulders and body at the bottom. Wings, tail, face and throat are shiny black. Large-billed crow inhabits forests, parks, plantations and cities. Flexible diets include sources on land and in trees, live and dead, plants and animals. Jungle crow collects branches, grass ro...

Cassava ( Manihot esculenta ) is a tropical and subtropical annual shrub in Euphorbiaceae, widely known as a staple food producing carbohydrates and leaves as vegetables. M. esculenta can grow as high as 7 meters, little branch, taproot with number of enlarged branch roots to be bulbs to be eaten. Root tuber has a diameter of 4-6 cm and a length of 50-80 cm depending on the cultivar, brown and reddish, the inside is white or yellowish. Increased cassava cultivation is in line with the rapid population growth and stagnation of rice and wheat production. Bulbs are an additional food source and have become one of the main foodstuffs in many of the world. Castilla can be eaten raw where the main content is starch with a little glucose so it is rather sweet. Leaves for fresh or cooked salads for a variety of dishes, while tuber skin for animal feed. Ubi kayu after harvesting is usually peeled to be dried under the hot sun to be processed into tapioca flour or starch as raw material ...

Teleng tombak or centro or molle centro or molle butterfly pea or soft butterfly pea ( Centrosema molle ) are plant species in Fabaceae, legumes that are able to live under 80% shade, survive in the dry season for up to 6 months and waterlogged areas. C. molle is one type of beans that propagates or climbs or hangs, the taproot system is strong, fast growing, long-lived, resistant to pests and diseases. The stem is slightly hairy, up to 5 m long and becomes wood after old age. Each stalk has three leaves, long elliptical, slightly coarse and soft haired on both surfaces especially at the bottom, green, primary bone in the middle and secondary towards each side, 1-7 cm long, 0.5-4.5 wide, round on the base and cone at the end. Soft butterfly pea, like the genus Centrosema, is easily recognizable with butterfly-shaped flowers with round wings, whitish violet with a darker color to a lighter, up to 3 cm in diameter and hairy on the outside. The pods are 4-17 cm long, 6-7 mm wide...

Merkus pine ( Pinus merkusii ) is a plant species in the Pinaceae, 25-45 meters high, up to 1 meter in diameter, orange-red to black bark, thick, cracked and scaly on the upper crown . P. merkusii has paired needle leaves, 15-20 cm long, less than 1 mm thick, green and yellowish in color. Woody cones are cone-shaped, 5-8 cm long, 2 cm wide at the base when closed, green and over time turn shiny red-brown. Cones will open to a width of 4-5 cm at maturity to release seeds in all directions. Seeds have a length of 5-6 mm and wings of 15-20 mm to fly on the wind. Tusam has separate male and female sexual organs but in one individual. This species is the only natural distribution of Pinaceae members south of the Equator. Mostly it grows at elevations of 400-1500 meters but sometimes at 90 meters to 2000 meters. Rainfall is 1000-3,500 mm/year and temperature is 18-32C. Grows in dry sandy, gravelly, latosol, alluvial and acid ultisol soils on sandstone and pH 4-6.5. This tree generall...

Pineapple ( Ananas comosus ) is a species of tropical plant in Bromeliaceae, low habitus and grows up to 1.5 m, annual herb, has about 30 or more leaves that are long, hard and waxy, spiny and sharp-pointed, arranged in a rosette and surrounding thick stem. Fruit as sold by people is not a true fruit, but a combination of up to 200 true flowers that can be seen from every 'scales' on the skin which are combined together with cob (spadix) or compound flowers into a large 'fruit'. Hummingbird is a natural pollinator for this plant, although various insects also have a similar role. The A. comosus cultivated by people has lost the ability to reproduce sexually, but they develop young plants using the 'crown' part of the fruit as a means of vegetative propagation. Raw pineapple pulp is 86% water, 13% carbohydrates, 0.5% protein, and contains negligible fat (table). In a 100-gram reference amount, raw pineapple supplies 50 calories, and is a rich source of mang...

Cubung gunung or angel's trumpets or Brugmansia are plant genera in Solanaceae, woody shrubs, large flowers that are pendulous and fragrant at night. Seven officially recorded species in this genus are Brugmansia arborea , Brugmansia aurea , Brugmansia insignis , Brugmansia sanguinea , Brugmansia suaveolens , Brugmansia versicolor and Brugmansia vulcanicola . The Brugmansia species contain tropane alkaloids of the type that have lethal nighthade toxicity. Large bushes or small trees, semi-woody stems, multiple branches and 3-11 m tall. The leaves are arranged along the stem, 10-30 cm long and 4-18 cm wide and often covered with fine hair. The flowers are large, pendulous, trumpet-shaped, 14-50 cm long and 10-35 cm wide, white, yellow, pink, orange, green or red. Most have a strong aroma at night to attract pollinator moths. Brugmansia sanguinea is not fragrant but red flowers are favored by hummingbirds. Cubung gunung contain important alkaloids including scopolamine, hyos...

Kemlanding or giant golden orbweaver ( Nephila pilipes ) is an animal species in the Araneidae, a web spider with a vertical and asymmetrical mesh, sexually dimorphic with elongated females up to 20 cm in size and has a large investment in egg production and web construction, whereas males only a few millimeters. N. pilipes displays female gigantism and male dwarfism. Females usually have a body size of 30-50 mm, the cephalothorax is 15 mm long and 10 mm wide. The stomach is 30 mm long, 15 mm wide and is mostly tawny with yellow stripes. The female has black or brown, covered in thick hairs. The two rows of eyes stick out towards the back. Plastron is mostly black and brown. The legs are very long, stick-shaped with several joints, black and yellow, lacking of hairs. Males are 5-6.5 mm in size, cephalothorax is 2.5 mm long and 2 mm wide. The stomach is 4 mm long and 1.5 mm wide. The front eye is bigger than the back eye. The legs are light brown with some hair. Yellow carapace with ...