Mophead hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla) is a species of plant in the Hydrangeaceae, a shrub with upright stems, oval and thick leaves, pink or blue or white or yellow or purple flowers and is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant.
H. macrophylla grows up to 2 meters high, 2.5 meters wide, stems are upright and branched. Leaves have stalks, sit opposite, oval or elongated, up to 23 cm long, up to 13 cm wide, thick, blunt base and sharp tip, serrated margins. Petioles up to 6 cm long.
The flowers are corymbs, growing at the top in panicles with branching stalks. The blooms are pink or blue or white or yellow or purple. This species grows at an elevation of 500-2000 meters, temperature 18C, pH 4.5, clay texture and shade but tolerates full sun.
This plant contains isocoumarin, secoiridoid glucoside, phyllodulcin, polyphenols, flavonoids, triterpenoids/steroids, anthraquinone, zeorin, betulinic acid, uridine, thymidine, adenosine, nicotinamide, methyl pyroglutamate, hydrangenol.
Plants are often used to treat diarrhea, malaria, diabetes, hair loss, fever, anxiety, sore throat, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, urinary tract infections, enlarged prostate and kidney stones.
TAXON
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Cornales
Family: Hydrangeaceae
Genus: Hydrangea Gronov. ex L. in Sp. Pl.: 397 (1753)
Section: Macrophyllae
Species: Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 4: 15 (1830)
HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS
Hortensia macrophylla (Thunb.) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama in J. Jap. Bot. 91: 346 (2016)
Viburnum macrophyllum Thunb. in J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 14.: 295 (1784)
HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS
Hortensia japonica J.F.Gmel. in Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis].: 722 (1791)
Hortensia macrophylla f. isobue (H.Ohba & S.Akiyama) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama (2016)
Hortensia macrophylla f. isonotaki (H.Ohba & S.Akiyama) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama (2016)
Hortensia macrophylla f. normalis (E.H.Wilson) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama (2016)
Hortensia mutabilis Schneev. in Icon. Pl. Rar. (Haarlem): 36 (1793)
Hortensia nigra Carrière in Rev. Hort. (Paris) 52: 180 (1880)
Hortensia opuloides Lam. in Encycl. 3: 136 (1789)
Hortensia rosea Desf. in Tabl. École Bot.: 115 (1804)
Hortensia speciosa Pers. in Syn. Pl. 1: 505 (1805)
Hydrangea azisai Siebold in Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 14(2): 689 (1828)
Hydrangea azisai var. foliis-aureovariegatis Siebold & Zucc. in Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 1: 105 (1839)
Hydrangea cyanoclada G.Nicholson in Hand-List Trees Shrubs 1[Polypet.]: 221 (1894)
Hydrangea florida Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 284 (1796)
Hydrangea hortensia Siebold (1828)
Hydrangea hortensia var. azisai (Siebold) A.Gray in Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 312 (1857)
Hydrangea hortensia var. macrosepala (Regel) Rehder in L.H.Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 785 (1900)
Hydrangea hortensia var. maculata (Blume) K.Koch in Hort. Dendrol.: 106 (1853)
Hydrangea hortensia var. mariesii Bean in Garden (London, 1871-1927) 54: 390 (1898)
Hydrangea hortensia var. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) A.Gray (1857)
Hydrangea hortensia f. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) Franch. & Sav. in Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 152 (1873)
Hydrangea hortensia f. rosea Bean in Garden (London, 1871-1927) 50: 122 (1896)
Hydrangea hortensia var. rosea (Bean) J.H.Veitch in Hort. Veitch.: 368 (1906)
Hydrangea hortensia f. variegata (E.J.Lowe & W.Howard) G.Nicholson in Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 163 (1885)
Hydrangea hortensis Sm. in Icon. Pict. Pl. Rar. 2: 12 (1792)
Hydrangea hortensis var. alba H.B.May in Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 45: 301 (1909)
Hydrangea hortensis var. maculata Blume in Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 920 (1826)
Hydrangea hortensis var. mariesii (Bean) Bean in Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 1: 625 (1914)
Hydrangea japonica var. albovariegatis Van Houtte in Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 7: 139 (1851)
Hydrangea japonica var. coerulescens Regel in Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866)
Hydrangea japonica fimbriata-macrophylla Jacob-Makoy in Nursery Cat. (L.Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 112: 31 (1868)
Hydrangea japonica var. foliis-variegatis André in Pl. Feuill. Ornem.: 177 (1866)
Hydrangea japonica f. hortensia Regel (1866)
Hydrangea japonica var. macrosepala Regel (1866)
Hydrangea japonica var. otaksa Regel (1866)
Hydrangea japonica var. plena Regel (1866)
Hydrangea japonica speciosa Hovey in Nursery Cat. (Hovey & co.) 1882: 35 (1882)
Hydrangea japonica var. variegata (E.J.Lowe & W.Howard) Regel (1866)
Hydrangea japonica variegata E.J.Lowe & W.Howard in Beaut. Leaved Pl.: t. 25 (1860)
Hydrangea macrocephala Dippel in Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 322 (1893)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. azisai (Siebold) E.H.Wilson in J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 240 (1923)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. caesia Nakai in Siebold Hydrang. Kaisetsu: 12 (1938)
Hydrangea macrophylla var. hattoriana Kitam. in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26: 5 (1974)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. hortensia (Regel) Rehder in J. Arnold Arbor. 7: 240 (1926)
Hydrangea macrophylla var. hortensis (Sm.) Rehder in Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 785 (1900)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. isobue H.Ohba & S.Akiyama in Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., B. Bot. 40: 144 (2014)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. isonotaki H.Ohba & S.Akiyama (2014)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. leucantha Makino in Ill. Fl. Nippon: 483 (1940)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. macrosepala (Regel) E.H.Wilson (1923)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. maculata (Blume) E.H.Wilson (1923)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. mandschurica (Dieck) E.H.Wilson (1923)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. mariesii (Bean) E.H.Wilson (1923)
Hydrangea macrophylla var. normalis E.H.Wilson (1923)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. normalis (E.H.Wilson) H.Hara in J. Jap. Bot. 30: 277 (1955)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. nuda Konta & S.Matsumoto in Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B. Bot. 31: 23 (2005)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) E.H.Wilson (1923)
Hydrangea macrophylla var. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) Honda in Siebold Kenkyū: 546 (1938)
Hydrangea macrophylla f. veitchii E.H.Wilson (1923)
Hydrangea mandshurica Dippel (1893)
Hydrangea maritima Haw.-Booth in Hydrangea: 38 (1950)
Hydrangea mutabilis Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 416 (1821)
Hydrangea nigra Dippel (1893)
Hydrangea opuloides (Lam.) K.Koch in Dendrologie 1: 353 (1869)
Hydrangea opuloides var. azisai (Siebold) Dippel (1893)
Hydrangea opuloides var. hortensia Dippel (1893)
Hydrangea opuloides var. japonica C.K.Schneid. in Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 392 (1905)
Hydrangea opuloides f. macrosepala (Regel) Dippel (1893)
Hydrangea opuloides var. mandschurica Dieck in Nursery Cat. (Dieck) 1885(Haupt-Kat.): 42 (1885)
Hydrangea opuloides var. mariesii (Bean) Rehder in L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1621 (1915)
Hydrangea opuloides var. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) Dippel (1893)
Hydrangea opuloides var. plena Rehder (1915)
Hydrangea opuloides var. variegata (E.J.Lowe & W.Howard) Rehder (1915)
Hydrangea otaksa Siebold & Zucc. (1839)
Hydrangea sieboldii Dippel (1893)
Hydrangea sinensis Dippel (1893)
Macnemaraea opulina P.Willemet in Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 18: 34 (1796)
Primula mutabilis Lour. in Fl. Cochinch.: 104 (1790)
PUBLICATIONS
Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1997). Flore des Mascareignes 81-89: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. (2012). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 4: 1-431. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Gremmen, N. & Halbertsma, R.L. Gremmen, N. & Halbertsma, R.L. (2009). Alien plants and their impact on Tristan da Cunha 2: 1-307. Overseas Territories Environment Programme (OTEP).
Hammel, B.E. & al. (eds.) (2007). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica, volumen VI, Dicotyledóneas (Haloragaceae-Phytolaccaceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 111: 1-933. Missouri Botanical Garden.
Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.
Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Japan IIb: 1-550. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Jalas, J., Suominen, J., Lampinen, R. & Kurtto, A.(eds.) (1999). Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe 12: 1-250.
Lejoy, J., Ndjele, M.-B. & Geerinck, D. (2010). Catalogue-flore des plantes vasculaires des districts de Kisangani et de la Tshopo (RD Congo). Taxonomania 30: 1-307.
Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.
Mao, A.A., Sinha, B.K., Verma, D. & Sarma, N. (2016). Check-List of Flora of Meghalaya: 1-273. Meghalaya Biodiversity Board, Shillong.
Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.
Ohba, H. & Akiyama, S. (2014). A revision of the species of Hydrangea (Hydrangeaceae) described by Siebold and Zuccarini, part 2. Bulletin of the National Museum of Nature and Science, Series B (Botany) 40: 29-45.
Parslow, R. & Bennallick, I. (2017). The new flora of the Isles of Scilly: 1-539. Parslow Press.
Sauerbier, H., Cabrera Calixto, F. & Muer, T. (2023). Flora Vascular de Canarias: 1-1514. Turquesa.
Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.
Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics. Vangjeli, J. (2017). Flora Albania Atlas 1: 1-933. Koeltz Botanical Books.
VERNACULAR NAME
Afrikaans: Krismisroos
Arabic: هورتينسيا
Chinese (Simplified): 绣球花
Chinese (Traditional): 繡球花
Croatian: Velelisna Hortenzija
Czech: hortenzie velkolistá
Danish: Hortensia
Dutch: Hortensia, Boerenhortensia, Grote hortensia
English: Mophead hydrangea, Bigleaf hydrangea, Common hydrangea, Hydrangea, Lacecap hydrangea
Estonian: suurelehine hortensia
Finnish: Jalohortensia
French: Hortensia
German: Gartenhortensie
Hawaiian: Pōpōhau
Hebrew: הורטנזיה
Indonesian: Panca warna, Hortensia, Bunga bokor, Bunga bakor
Italian: Ortensia
Japan: アジサイ - 紫陽花
Java: Kembang bokor
Korean: 수국
Lithuanian: Didžialapė hortenzija
Malay: Bunga tiga bulan
Manipuri: Thamapansapi lei
Norwegian: Hortensia
Polish: Hortensja ogrodowa, Hortensja wielkolistna
Portuguese: Hidrângea, Hortense, Hortênsia
Russian: Гортензия крупнолистная
Spanish: Hortensia japonesa
Sulawesi Selatan: Bunga masamba
Swedish: Hortensia
Thai: ฮอร์เทนเซีย
Turkish: Ortanca
Ukrainian: Гортензія великолиста
Aryo Bandoro
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