Dlium

Ravan's mustache ( Spinifex littoreus ) is a species of plant in the Poaceae, a perennial grass, strong, forming dense colonies with long, creeping shoots, cylindrical stems, 40-80 cm long, hard texture, sturdy with many nodes and spiny leaves. S. littoreus grows in sand dunes, high salinity and arid ecosystems. This grass has fast growth and has an important role as an efficient sand binder with a deep root system to stabilize sand movement, withstand storms, winds and tides with the formation of changing sand dunes. These plants help protect beaches from wind erosion and abrasion. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Subfamily: Panicoideae Tribe: Paniceae Subtribe: Cenchrinae Genus: Spinifex Species: Spinifex littoreus

Pidada or apple mangrove ( Sonneratia caseolaris ) is a species of plant in the Lythraceae, evergreen tree, wide crown, up to 20 meters high, cream to brown bark with fine horizontal cracks, thick roots and appears in the form of rather thick pointed cones. S. caseolaris has leaves sitting opposite each other, thick, oval or inverted oval, 5-10 long, 3-9 cm wide, wide rounded tips, often curved and the stems are often red. The flowers are red, ephemeral, fully developed after 20.00 at night (nocturnal) and contain a lot of nectar. The fruit has a diameter of 6-8 cm, green, smooth surface, stemmed tip, cup-shaped petals that cover the base of the fruit and sour taste. The seeds are numerous and flat. This species grows in brackish areas in mangrove forests and muddy soil along small rivers with slow flowing water and is influenced by tides and lots of sunlight, temperature 20-30C, rainfall 1500-2500 mm/year and pH 6.7-7 ,3. This plant is a pioneer in mangrove forests, often growing...

Narrow-leaved merremia ( Xenostegia tridentata ) is a species of plant in the Convolvulaceae, herbaceous, grows climbing or creeping on the ground, square-shaped stems, reddish in color, grows in sandy soil near the coast, agricultural land, roadsides and lots of sunlight. X. tridentata has alternate sitting leaves and no stems. The strands are elongated, heart-shaped at the base, pointed at the tip, green or reddish, up to 30 mm long and 1-2 mm wide. Flowers are funnel-shaped, 2 cm wide, 2-3 cm long, white or yellow with a brownish red center. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Solanales Family: Convolvulaceae Subfamily: Convolvuloideae Tribe: Merremieae Genus: Xenostegia Species: Xenostegia tridentata Subspecies: Xenostegia tridentata ssp. angustifolia, Xenostegia tridentata ssp. hastata, Xenostegia tridentata ssp. tridentata

Loop-root mangrove ( Rhizophora mucronata ) is a species of plant in the Rhizophoraceae, evergreen, 10-27 meters high, up to 70 cm in diameter, dark to black bark, cracked bark, horizontal, many large stilt roots with a height of up to 2 meters above mud and woody. R. mucronata has leaves that sit opposite each other, collected at the ends of the twigs, the buds are covered in supporting leaves that are rolled up and pointed and are white or red in color, fall off quickly and leave scars similar to bulging rings. The leaves are elliptical, thick, smooth, green or yellowish, with a pointed tip, have a stalk, 12-24 cm long, 4-13 cm wide. Flowers are grouped in additional umbrellas, stalked, forked in axils and 4-8 florets. The crown is white, with long hairs up to 9 mm. Flowers all year round. The fruit is egg-shaped, green-brown, 5-7 cm and viviparous. Cylindrical hypocotyl, large, rough, nodules and 36-70 cm long. The cotyledon neck is yellow when ripe. This species tolerates hard a...