Blue eranthemum (Eranthemum pulchellum)

Blue eranthemum (Eranthemum pulchellum) is a species of plant in the Acanthaceae, flowering shrub, evergreen, upright, up to 1 meter high, many branched, strong, woody, with trident branches, the lower stem is cylindrical and brown in color, the young stem is square with corners are clear and green.

E. pulchellum has elliptical leaves, up to 30 cm long, up to 14 cm wide, thick, stiff and leathery, dark green in color, sharp tip, serrated margins, threaded veins and hairy. Leaves have stalks and appear on branches.





Flowers emerge from green-white veined bracts remaining after the bloom falls, forming columns several centimeters long. The flowers are fan-shaped with a 2 cm long, 2 cm wide, five-parted flower and are bright blue.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Lamiales
Family: Acanthaceae
Subfamily: Acanthoideae
Tribe: Ruellieae
Subtribe: Erantheminae Genus: Eranthemum L. in Sp. Pl.: 9 (1753) Species: Eranthemum pulchellum Andrews in Bot. Repos. 2: t. 88 (1800)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Pseuderanthemum pulchellum (Andrews) Merr. in Philipp. J. Sci., C 7: 248 (1912)
Upudalia pulchella (Andrews) Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 4: 66 (1838)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Daedalacanthus nervosus (Vahl) T.Anderson in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 9: 487 (1867)
Daedalacanthus scaber T.Anderson (1867)
Daedalacanthus varians (Vent.) Voss in Vilm. Blumengärtn., ed. 3. 1: 806 (1894)
Eranthemum asperum Hook.f. in Bot. Mag. 94: t. 5711 (1868)
Eranthemum edgeworthianum Nees in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 11: 44 (1847)
Eranthemum grandiflorum Zipp. ex Span. in Linnaea 15: 328 (1841)
Eranthemum nervosum (Vahl) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 1: 174 (1817)
Eranthemum nervosum var. scabrum Nees in Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 106 (1832)
Eranthemum pulchellum var. varians (Vent.) (Vent.) in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 489 (1891)
Eranthemum scabrum Wall. ex T.Anderson (1867)
Eranthemum varians Billb. in Linn. Samfund. Handl. 1: 11 (1832 publ. 1833)
Justicia bicolor Sims in Bot. Mag. 35: t. 1423 (1811)
Justicia colorata Vahl ex Nees (1847)
Justicia gendarussa Blanco in Fl. Filip.: t. 11 (1837)
Justicia nervosa Vahl in Enum. Pl. Obs. 1: 164 (1804)
Pseuderanthemum asperum (Hook.f.) Radlk. in Sitzungsber. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. München 13: 286 (1883 publ. 1884)
Ruellia varians Vent. in Descr. Pl. Nouv.: t. 46 (1801)
Siphoneranthemum nervosum Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 495 (1891)

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.

Balkrishna, A. (2018). Flora of Morni Hills (Research & Possibilities): 1-581. Divya Yoga Mandir Trust.

Boggan, J. Funck, V. & Kelloff, C. (1997). Checklist of the Plants of the Guianas (Guyana, Surinam, Franch Guiana) ed. 2: 1-238. University of Guyana, Georgetown.

Deng, Y.F., Li, Z.Y., Wang, Q. & Peng, H. (2020). Flora of Pan-Himalaya 46: 1-570. Science Press, Beijing. Cambridge University Press.

Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.

Govaerts, R. (2001). World Checklist of Seed Plants Database in ACCESS Genera starting with letter E-F: 1-50919.

Grierson, A.J.C. & Long, D.G. (2001). Flora of Bhutan 2: 1-1675. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.

Hancock, I.R. & Henderson, C.P. (1988). Flora of the Solomon Islands. Research Bulletin Dodo Creek Research Station 7: 1-203.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution.

Kumar, S. (2012). Herbaceous flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Uttarkhand), India: enumerations. Phytotaxonomy 12: 33-56.

Lê, T.C. (2005). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 3: 1-1248. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.

MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.

Malik, K.A. & Ghafoor, A. (1988). Flora of Pakistan 188: 1-79. Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Karachi.

Maliya, S.D. & Datt, B. (2010). A contribution to the flora of Katarniyaghat wildlife sanctuary, Baharaich district, Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 34: 42-68.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh.

Ningombam, D.S. (2014). The family Acanthaceae for the flora of Manipur: 1-115. LAP Lambert academic publishing.

Rajbhandari, K.R., Rai, S.K. & Chhetri, R. (2022). A Handbook of the Flowering Plants of Nepal 4: 1-522. Department of Plant Resources, Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal.

VERNACULAR NAME

Austria: Blaue Frühlingsblume
Bengali: কালা বাসক Kaala Baasak
Chinese (simplified): 喜花草
Chinese (traditional): 可愛花 - 喜花草 - 藍花仔
Dogri: Nalenkadi, Neeli Braihnkad
English: Blue eranthemum, Blue sage
Finnish: Korukäpy
German: Blaue Frühlingsblume
Haryanvi: Gulsham
Hong Kong: 可愛花
Hindi: गुलशाम Gulsham
Indonesian: Kejibiru, Erantum Biru
Japanese: ルリハナガサ
Java: Kejibiru
Macao: 可愛花
Nepali: निल गाथे Nil Gaathe
Odia: Khaira
Portuguese: Camarão azul
Russian: Эрантемум красивый
Sinhala: නීලමුල්ලි Nīlamulli
Slovak: Erantéma rozkošná
Taiwan: 可愛花
Tamil: நீலமுல்லி Neelamulli
Telugu: Nalla Neelaambari, Vaadambram

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
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