Dlium

Capung Merah or scarlet skimmer or ruddy marsh skimmer ( Crocothemis servilia ) is a dragonfly species in Libellulidae and has two known subspecies, Crocothemis servilia servilia (Drury, 1773) which has a mid-dorsal black line and Crocothemis servilia mariannae (Kiauta, 1983) which does not have a mid-dorsal black line. C. servilia is a blood-red dragonfly, medium size and thin black lines along the middle abdomen, blood red eyes and purple side, ferruginous bright thorax and often blood red on the dorsum. Scarlet skimmer has a blood red belly with a long and narrow black mid-dorsal carina. Females are similar to males, but thorax and abdomen are brown-olive and mid-dorsal black carina is rather wide. These insects are found on the shore to a height of more than 3,000 m above sea level. Dragonflies breed in aqueous environments including lakes, ponds, rivers, swamps and rice fields as a place to lay eggs and spend their pre-adult childhood. Capung are strong pilots and have a w...

Flamboyan ( Delonix regia ) is plant species in Fabaceae which are typical of large semi-evergreen trees and bright red flowers. This tree is generally cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions, growing wide to form tall canopy or umbrella 9-15 meters. D. regia will fall during the dry season in the two seasons, but will remain green in the spring and winter in the four seasons. The leaves have feathers on the surface, the reinforcement system is pinnate with a length of 30.5-50.8 cm and width 11-25 cm. The flamboyant flowers bloom seasonally, usually in mid-summer, have a diameter between 8 and 15 cm, have four petals that spread red or orange-red to 4-7 cm long and an upright crown. The slightly larger petals are marked in yellow and white. Pods are packed in flat wood, lined with 70 cm long and 7 cm wide, green, but turn dark brown when old. The bark is generally yellowish brown or dark brown. This species grows in full sun, temperature 14-26C, drought tolerant, rainfal...

Bondol jawa or emprit jawa or pipit jawa or Javan munia ( Lonchura leucogastroides ) is a species of estrildid finch or Estrildidae, rice and grain eaters. These small birds with beaks from the tip to the tail of about 11 cm are often found in rural and urban environments near rice fields and making nests on tree branches. L. leucogastroides has a back, wings and upper sides dark brown without scribbling. The upper face, neck and chest are black, while the lower chest, abdomen and sides of the body are pure white which appears to contrast with the brownish, lower tail and brown eye iris. Young Javan munia has a yellowish brown chest and abdomen. The beak is black at the top and bluish gray at the bottom, while the legs are grayish. Birds often descends to the ground or swings on the flower stalks of grass and visit rice fields, grasslands, vegetated open fields and gardens to eat rice and various seeds. Bondol jawa generally live in pairs or in small groups and mix with other L...

Candi Plaosan Kidul or Plaosan Kidul temple or South Plaosan temple is a Buddhist temple complex in Kewu plain in Bugisan Village, Prambanan District, Klaten Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The monument was built by King Rakai Pikatan and Queen Sri Kahulunan who ruled Medang Kingdom in the 9th century. The complex is not far south of Plaosan Lor temple and may have different functions but complement each other. The Plaosan Kidul temple is smaller in size than Plaosan Lor temple and it is not yet known whether it has a main temple. The complex has several minor structures in the form of temples and stupas in ruins, but some of the ancillary temples have been restored. Research and excavation in the Plaosan Kidul complex is still ongoing until this article was written. Both temples are surrounded by artificial pond structures and water canals. A theory says Plaosan Lor and Plaosan Kidul are a complex of water parks. In October 2003 a complex near the Perwara Templ...

Big-leaf mahogany ( Swietenia macrophylla ) is a species of plant in the Meliaceae, a large tree, 35-40 meters high, up to 125 cm in diameter, straight, cylindrical and without buttresses. This tree reduces air pollution by around 47% - 69%, provides shade and captures water. S. macrophylla has blackish brown bark and shallow grooves like scales. The bark is gray and smooth when young, but turns dark brown, grooved and peels as it matures. The leaves are elongated oval in shape, with a sharp tip, up to 30 cm long, 8 cm wide and 1.5 cm in stem. The flowers after 7 years, the flower crown is cylindrical, brownish yellow, the stamens are attached to the crown, the anthers are white and brownish yellow. Fruit boxes in ovoid, five-notched, brown packaging. Seeds are flat, black or brown. This plant grows wild in forests and other places in the lowlands or is planted on roadsides as a protective tree. Big-leaf mahogany can thrive in brackish sand close to the beach. Leaves absorb pol...

Cajuput ( Melaleuca cajuputi ) is a tree in Myrtaceae as a medium to upper tree with thin skin and white, long slender green leaves and white flowers. This plant has important uses in agroforestry as a source of cajuput oil. Cajuput is spread naturally in Indonesia and northern Australia. Indonesians traditionally use leaves to be distilled into essential oils of high economic value. This plant has a long biological cycle, grows fast and grows well in any soil with high salts or acids and is fire resistant. M. cajupati was divided into three subspecies: Melaleuca cajuputi cajuputi growing in Maluku and Timor islands, Melaleuca cajuputi cumingiana growing in Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan, while Melaleuca cajuputi platyphylla growing in Papua, Aru Islands and Tanimbar Islands. This tree generally produces cajuput oil with a 1.8-cineol content and high yield. While the other two sub-species have lower levels of cineol. Kayu putih oil from the Maluku Islands has a concentration of 1.8 s...

Candi Dawangsari or Situs Dawangsari or Dawangsari temple or Dawangsari site is the ruins of a Buddhist monument in Kewu plain in Dawangsari Sub-village, Sambirejo Village, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. The site is located on a hill topography and adjacent to the Barong Temple complex. The Dawangsari site is still mysterious but has a form resembling a stupa, so it is often referred to as the Dawangsari Stupa and has a characteristic of Buddhist temples. Based on that opinion, the site is also often called the Dawangsari stupa temple. The diameter is almost the same as the stupa at Borobudur Temple. Complete mapping was first carried out on this site in 1986 and intensive research began in 1987 for site data collection, stone search and rock grouping. Research in 1988 for data collection on buried structures and excavations. The results of excavation were the appearance of the upper structure of the building to the temple floor and the pre...

Kuntul kecil or little egret ( Egretta garzetta ) are small heron species in Ardeidae with a length of 55-65 cm and a wingspan of 88–106 cm. In the mating season, there are two thin white ornamental feathers extending to the nape of the neck and more feathers on the chest and back dangling above the tail. E. garzetta has a always grayish black beak, the legs and feet are completely black, the skin of the face is greenish yellow but becomes reddish in the breeding season. Little egrets often visit rice fields, river banks, muddy sandbanks and small rivers on the coast. Kuntul kecil preys on various types of eels, fish, frogs, crustaceans, aquatic insects and grasshoppers. They hunt food in scattered groups, often mixing with other scaffolding birds. Sometimes it's seen chasing prey on the shallow shore. These birds fly in a V formation when returning to the nest for the night. They nest in colonies, mixed with other water birds. The nests are arranged from a pile of twigs in...

Kayu putih buku or broad-leaved paperbark ( Melaleuca quinquenervia ) are small to medium sized trees in Myrtaceae, up to 20 m high, stems covered by thin white, cream, and gray paper skin. The leaves are arranged, flat, rough, spear-shaped, dull or green-gray, 55–120 mm long and 10–31 mm wide. The flowers are packed in strands at the end of the branch and continue to grow after flowering, sometimes also in the upper leaf axils. Each strand contains 5 to 18 flower groups, diameters up to 40 mm and lengths of 20-50 mm. The petals are about 3 mm long and fall out when the flowers age. Flowers are followed by woody fruits, shaped cylindrical capsules wide, 2.5-4 mm long and in groups. Each capsule contains many small seeds that appear every year. M. quinquenervia has proven to be a different chemical form and is widely used traditionally. Drinks are made from young aromatic leaves to treat colds, headaches, and common ailments. Leaf oil from chemotype cineole is used externally fo...

Candi Plaosan Lor or Plaosan Lor Temple or North Plaosan Temple is a Buddhist monument estimated to have been built during the reign of Rakai Pikatan, king of the Medang Kingdom in the early 9th century AD in Kewu plain in Bugisan Village, Prambanan District, Klaten Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. Plaosan Lor has very fine and detailed sculptures similar to Borobudur Temple, Sewu Temple, and Sari Temple. De Casparis held on to the Cri Kahulunan Inscription (842 AD) stating that Plaosan was built by the Queen Sri Kahulunan or Pramodhawardani, the daughter of King Samarattungga of the Syailendra dynasty. Sri Kahulunan is a Buddhist and married to Rakai Pikatan from the Sanjaya dynasty who adheres to Hinduism. Another opinion said that the temple was built before the reign of Rakai Pikatan. Anggraeni said Sri Kahulunan was the mother of Rakai Garung who ruled Medang before Rakai Pikatan. Rakai Pikatan's reign was too short to build a large temple, but he built small t...

Flame lily ( Gloriosa superba ) is a species of plant in the Colchicaceae, an annual shrub, grows to climb using leaf tip tendrils, fleshy stems up to 4 meters long, widely used as an ornamental plant due to its bright flower color and distinctive shape. G. superba grows with gnarled rhizomes and climbs using leaf tendrils. Leaves alternate, lanceolate with outstretched tips, 13-20 cm long, thick, a bone in the center that forms a trench, smooth surface, flat margins and green in color. Wavy flower tent, red top and greenish yellow base, has six corrugated tents and is 5-7.6 cm each. The fruit is capsule-shaped and fleshy, 6-12 cm long and contains red seeds. Butterflies and birds usually do pollination. All parts of the plant contain colchicine where the leaves and tubers are about 0.1-0.8%, while the seeds are around 1.32%. Colchicine is a toxic and carcinogenic alkaloid compound that is soluble in water, alcohol and chloroform. TAXON Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Sub...

Teak ( Tectona grandis ) is a plant species in the Lamiaceae, a large tree producing high-quality and luxurious wood, straight trunk, up to 40 m high, large leaves, slow growth with low germination making natural propagation difficult and insufficient to meet demand market. T. grandis grows in deciduous forests that lose their leaves in the dry season, stems are cylindrical, straight, up to 40 m high, 2.4 m in diameter, 18-20 m clear bole and the bark is yellowish brown. The leaves are ovate, opposite, very short stalks, fine hairs and glandular hairs on the underside. The leaves on the tree shoots are 60-70 cm wide, 80-100 cm long and reddish green in color. The leaves on an old tree are 15 cm wide and 20 cm long. Compound inflorescences in large panicles, 40x40 cm, containing hundreds of flowers arranged like umbrellas, located at the tip of the twig at the top of the tree. Flowers have 6-7 corolla, whitish in color and 8 mm wide. The fruit is round, slightly flattened, 2...

The Arca Ganesa or Ganesha statue is a Ganesha structure as a historical heritage site in Kewu plain in the Sambirejo hills, Dawangsari Sub-village, Sambirejo Village, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. This site stands south of Pura Dharma Shanti and is hidden in trees and shrubs. The statue is about 3 meters high, 2.5 meters long, 2.5 meters wide, and faces west. This Ganesha statue is made of hard rock that is found around the Sambirejo hills and the making is done directly carving rock in the hills. Arca Ganesa have long been hundreds or thousands of years abandoned in the forest and have suffered severe damage. The head does not form a facial shape anymore, but still looks the trunk sculptures below, distended abdomen, and legged legs. This site has been restored and the perimeter security fence. Suspected damage to rock material is easily eroded by water, wind and tree branches. The cause of damage by biological factors is probably due to...

Great eggfly ( Hypolimnas bolina ) is a nymphalid butterfly species, black-winged with widths of 70–85 millimeters (2.8–3.3 in) and mimetic females with many morphs. These butterflies are very commonly found in lush trees, deciduous forests, thick and moist shrubs. H. bolina is one of the most diverse butterflies in the world with many color variations in females. Great eggfly lay eggs on Sidagori ( Sida rhombifolia ) and Purslane ( Portulaca oleracea ). The caterpillar turns into a cocoon around the bushes Males have jet black wings with three pairs of white spots, two on the front and one on the back. These spots are surrounded by purple. The top of the rear wing has a series of small white dots. Females have brownish black wings and do not have spots, but the edges have white variations. Larvae like potato leaves (Ipomoea batata) and hide from predators by taking shelter in the lower part of the leaves close to the ground. Females keep the leaves where the eggs have been lai...

Elephant foot yam ( Amorphophallus paeoniifolius ) is a plant species in the Araceae, an annual herb but is considered bi-seasonal because the vegetative and generative phases appear not simultaneously, the leaves grow to produce tubers and flowers emerge from the tubers at the beginning of the rainy season. A. paeoniifolius has a vegetative phase visible as branched foliage which is often referred to as a false stem or petiole, single cylindrical, large and vertical. The true stem is the tuber which is always below the soil surface. The petiole grows upright up to 1.5 meters high, soft, light green to dark green and has white patches. Smooth surface is not prickly or rough prickly depending on the form. Single stalk into three secondary branches and will branch again as well as a leaf blade. Stem tubers form tuber shoots from the side and can give rise to leaves so that they sometimes look like clumps. The tuber contains starch which is predominantly a white mannan component...

Candi Ijo or Ijo temple is a Hindu monument complex in Kewu plain in Groyokan Sub-village, Sambirejo Village, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. The temple stands on the slopes of Ijo hill in a complex of 0.8 hectares, but it is estimated that this archaeological site is wider than the present land. This terraced temple is estimated to have been built between the 10th and 11th centuries AD. The complex has several main temple groups, flanking temples and ancillary temples. In the west stretching towards the foot of the hill are the ruins of a number of temples which are still in the process of excavation and restoration. The main temple faces west and is lined with three smaller temples to worship Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. The main temple structure stands on a rectangular base. The entrance to the inner room is in the middle of the west side wall and flanked by two fake windows. Above the doorway has a compiled Kala headdress and no lower jaw. A...

Pura Dharma Shanti is a Hindu worship site and is still actively used today in the Kewu Plain in Sumberwatu Sub-village, Sambirejo Village, Prambanan District, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. This simple pura is surrounded by seven ancient lingga (phallus) artifacts. To this day it is still unclear where the phallus originated from. A few meters to the west of this pura is the Sumberwatu site which is estimated to be the site of a Buddhist temple and a few meters to the east is a large Ganesha statue as a Hindu site. Two other lingga artifacts also stand outside the pura but not far away. These two phallus are taller and slightly slender. Most likely around this place a Hindu temple was built. Lingga is a statue or statue as an object of prayer for Hindus. Lingga word usually stands for Siwalingga and an upright object that symbolizes the phallus of Lord Shiva. This object is a symbol of fertility. The Book of Kama Sutra writes temple stones where lingga pai...

Kupu-kupu belerang or sulfur butterfly or chocolate grass yellow ( Eurema sari ) are small butterfly species from the genus Eurema and members of the Pieridae family. Sulfur butterflies have a bright yellow color and slightly resemble the color of sulfur. E. sari has wings wide from 36 to 42 mm (1.4–1.7 in) and different brown peaks at the bottom of the front wing. Light yellow wings with several brown dots, have brown plots and dots. One or two brown circles in the center of the wings surround white. The back, head and eyes are purple, while the two antennas and proboscis are brown. The legs are yellow like the color of wings. Chocolate grass yellow butterfly always closes wings when alighting on a flower. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Euarthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Lepidoptera Family: Pieridae Genus: Eurema Species: E. sari

The Kewu Plain or Prambanan Plain is a fertile volcanic plain stretching between the southern slopes of Mount Merapi and north-west of the Sewu Mountains . This plain is now included in Sleman Regency in Yogyakarta Province and Klaten Regency in Central Java Province, Indonesia. The Kewu Plain was the seat of the Medang Empire during the 8th century AD to the 10th century AD and the Mataram Sultanate in the 16th century AD. For more than a thousand years this region played an important role in the history of ancient Indonesia and had many important historical relics. If each temple is counted, the Javanese period in the 9th century has produced thousands of Hindu and Buddhist temples spread from the Dieng Plateau, Kedu Plain, to the Kewu Plain in the early history of Indonesia. The area is very rich in monuments where many archeological sites are only a few kilometers away, even some Hindu and Buddhist sites are only a few meters away. The Prambanan Plain is the center of impor...