Dlium

Temulawak or Java ginger or Javanese ginger or Javanese turmeric or Curcuma xanthorrhiza ( Curcuma zanthorrhiza ) is a plant species in Zingiberaceae, grows well in loose soil in tropical forests in the lowlands to an altitude of 1500 meters above sea level and tubers are used for medicinal herbs and drinks. C. zanthorrhiza has pseudo stems up to 2 m tall. The stem is a midrib of upright, overlapping leaves, green or dark brown in color. Rhizomes are perfectly formed, large, branched and reddish brown, dark yellow or dark green. Each bud forms 2-9 leaves with a circular shape extending to lancet, green or light purple to dark brown, leaves 31-84 cm long and 10-18 cm wide, stems 43-80 cm long and each strand is connected with a midrib. Flowers are dark yellow, uniquely shaped and clustered with lateral inflorescences. The stems and scales are in the form of lines, 9-23cm long and 4-6cm wide, having protectors with comparable crowns. Petals are white, hairy and 8-13mm long. The crown...

Devil's-backbone ( Euphorbia tithymaloides ) are plant species in Euphorbiaceae, upright, evergreen, gummy shrubs, growing in tropical and subtropical regions. E. tithymaloides likes sandy soils especially with high concentrations of boron, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and zinc. This bush grows to 2.4 m high and 61 cm wide. Simple angiosperm leaves, arranged opposite to the stem where each leaf is sessile with a length of 3.6-7.6 cm. The stem has the tip of a handle that supports a group of flowers that are not scented. Bifid crown and ovoid. The involucral bracts are bright red, irregular in shape and length from 1.1 to 1.3 mm. Hairy male and female pedicels. Seed pods are 7.6 mm long, 8.9 mm wide and ovate with clipped ends. Devil's-backbone generally blooms in mid-spring in the subtropical region and in the dry season in the tropics. Pollination is carried out by ants and birds. The roots, stems and leaves are known to be poisonous. Plant is used to fight intestin...

Cempedak or small jackfruit or Artocarpus champeden ( Artocarpus integer ) is a plant in Moraceae, monoecious, has a fruit shape, taste and fragrance similar to jackfruit ( Artocarpus heterophyllus ) and often interbred naturally in nature, but has a smaller tree size, smaller fruit and bigger leaves. A. integer is a tree that is always green, height can reach 20 m even though most are only a dozen meters. Branches and shoots have fine, stiff, brownish hair. Leaves thin, rather stiff, 2.5-5x5-25 cm, flat-edged, inverted ovate with base of peg-shaped to rounded and pointed tip. Petiole has a length of 1-3 cm. The ovary leaves are elongated, tapered, hairy, fall off easily and leave a ring mark on the twigs. Flowers appear on the armpits of the leaves, on large branches, on the main stem and on special short leafy shoots. Male flowers are hump shaped, 1x3-5.5 cm, pale or yellowish green and stalk length 3-6 cm. The female flower head is elongated, embedded 1.5 mm deep in the pivo...

Barbados lily or amaryllis lily ( Hippeastrum puniceum ) is a species of perennial flowering plant in Amaryllidaceae, grows in the tropics, has 4-6 leaves, bright green, 30-60 cm long and 2.5-3 cm wide, white waxed, tubular and shrink at the ends. H. puniceum has flowers that grow in the umbel at the end of the stalk which has a height of 40-60 cm and stands tall with a pointed tip at the top. The umbel has lanceolate green bracts at its base. Each stalk has one or two ovaries. Orange-red petal with yellow or pale base. The two lower tepals are much narrower than lateral. About five white stamens emerge from the end of the tube in the middle of the crown. A single flower will bloom to face north or south with a curved base where the horizontal flower faces are parallel to the ground, while the stems that have two flowers will bloom to face north and others to the south. Wild barbados lilies grow in forests, yard, roadside and neglected lands. This plant likes sandy, gravel an...

Labu siam or jipang or mirliton squash or chayote ( Sechium edule ) is a plant species in Cucurbitaceae, growing vines and generally upwards, widely planted as food and a source of vitamin C where fresh fruit for salads or lightly cooked to remove sap. S. edule grows on the ground or climbs large trees up to 12 m high, stems are green, not woody and are usually cultivated anywhere as long as they have support. The ends of the stems are threaded to reach support or link themselves. The leaves are oval, 10-25 cm wide, have many angles as the bones depend on variety and the surface has hair. Male flowers in groups and solitary female flowers, yellowish green, four or five petals and pistils in the middle. The fruit hangs on the stem, is irregular in egg shape, slightly flattened and has rough wrinkles, 10-20 cm long, green or yellow, has a thin skin, white insides with a single hole, large and flat. Some varieties have thorny skin. The fruit is boiled briefly to remove sap and e...

Crab-eating macaque or long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ) is a primate species in Cercopithecidae, brown with a lighter color abdomen and whitish hair on the face, polygamy, genome size 2946.84 Mb, 21 pairs of chromosomes, highly adaptive and wild animals that are able to follow human civilization. M. fascicularis has at least 10 recorded subspecies: Dark-crowned long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. atriceps ), Burmese long-talied macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. aureus ), Con Song long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. condorensisis ). Common long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. fascicularis ), Simeulue long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. fuscus ), Kemujan long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. karimondjawae ), Lasia long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. lasiae ) Philippine long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. philippensis ), Maratua long-tailed macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ssp. tua ), Nicobar crabea...

Coffee or mountain coffee or arabica coffee ( Coffea arabica ) is a plant species in Rubacea, up to 9 meters high, growing at an altitude above 700 meters above sea level, one of the most economically valuable plantation commodities among other plants. C. arabica generally blooms after 2 years of age. Adult flowers pollinate with the opening of the petals and crown that will develop into fruit. Green skin will turn yellow and dark red with maturation. The entire process to harvest takes 6-8 months. Flowers bloom at the beginning of the dry season and the fruit is ready to be picked at the end of the dry season. Primary branches will elongate and form new leaves at the beginning of the rainy season and prepare to produce flowers at the beginning of the upcoming dry season. The main stem has segments where a pair of opposite leaves grow. Leaves have a line in the middle and lines to the side following the bone, wavy, thick green, muscular and tapered at the tip. The leaves grow...

Salak or snake fruit ( Salacca zalacca ) is a species of palm plant in Arecaceae, dioesis, shrubs and not trunked, has many thorns, many shoots, grows into dense and strong clumps, spreads below or above the ground, often branching and 10-15 cm diameter. S. zalacca has compound leaves, pinnate and 3-7 m long. Petiole, midrib and sapling have many long thorns, thin spines and a blackish-gray color. Minor leaves have a lanceolate shape, a pointed tip, 8x85 cm and a white underside by a waxy coating. The flowers in the cob are compound, appear in the armpit of the leaf, stem, initially covered by a sheath then dry and break down like fibers. Male flowers 50-100 cm long, 4-12 cylindrical items, 7-15 cm long, reddish in the armpits of tightly arranged scales. Female flowers 20-30 cm long, stemmed long and 1-3 items. The fruit has scaly skin, is eaten and is known as a table fruit, triangular shaped rather rounded or inverted ovoid, pointed at the base and rounded at the tip, 2.5-10 ...

Petung or bamboo betung or dragon bamboo or giant bamboo ( Dendrocalamus asper ) is a species of plant in the Poaceae, large and strong stems, high adaptability, used as building material and structural wood for construction and cooked shoots for vegetables. D. asper grows in clumps, the shoots are purplish black and covered by blackish brown velvet. 20 meters high with curved ends, 40-50 cm long, 12-20 cm in diameter and 1-4 cm thick. Green or dark green or purplish green or whitish green or mottled white by lichen. The margins of the internodes are surrounded by hanging roots, the reed midrib 50x25 cm, covered by blackish brown velvet, the ears are rounded and sometimes curled to the base of the reed midrib leaf, 7 mm high with jute hairs up to 5 mm. Ligula serrated irregularly, 7-10 mm high with short bristles up to 3 mm. The leaves of the reed midrib are triangular with a narrowed base and bent back. Leaves on twigs with loose midrib or sparsely pale, without ears, ligula...

Walet sarang-putih or edible-nest swiftlet or white-nest swiftlet or Collocalia fuciphaga ( Aerodramus fuciphagus ) are bird species in Apodidae, sexual monomorphism, small in size, insect eaters, have the ability to echolocate, have at least six subspecies and are most farmed. A. fuciphagus has a size of 10-16 cm and wings are long, slender, slightly curved backward and the tip is tapered. The upper part is blackish brown and the lower part is brown. The tail is pale brown or gray or dark brown, the eyes are wide and iris dark brown, the beak and legs are black. White-nest swiftlet has six subspecies: Aerodramus fuciphagus fuciphagus , Aerodramus fuciphagus dammermani , Aerodramus fuciphagus inexpectatus , Aerodramus fuciphagus micans , Aerodramus fuciphagus perplexus and Aerodramus fuciphagus vestitus . Edible-nest swiftlet is able to do echolocation like bats by producing a certain frequency sound intermittently and then recapturing the reflection of the sound to determine ...