Granadilla (Passiflora quadrangularis)

Granadilla (Passiflora quadrangularis) is a plant species in the Passifloraceae family. It is an herbaceous or shrubby vine with slender, long, and flexible stems that are quadrangular (four-sided) in cross-section, featuring spiral-shaped tendrils. The fruit is oblong, reaching 20 cm in length and 15 cm in diameter, with a weight of 3–5 kg. Inside, the fruit contains a cavity filled with numerous seeds.

When ripe, the fruit has a fragrant aroma and a pleasant taste. It is rarely eaten on its own; instead, the flesh is typically cut into pieces and used in syrups, fruit cocktails, or juices. The leaves are used medicinally to treat high blood pressure and diabetes.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Passifloraceae
Subfamily: Passifloroideae
Tribe: Passifloreae
Genus: Passiflora L. First published in Sp. Pl.: 955 (1753)
Subgenus: Passiflora
Section: Quadrangulares
Species: Passiflora quadrangularis L. in Syst. Nat., ed. 10. 2: 1248 (1759)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Granadilla quadrangularis (L.) Medik. in Malvenfam.: 97 (1787)
Passiflora grandiflora Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 154 (1796)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Passiflora hexangularis Raeusch. in Nomencl. Bot. Pl. Illustr., ed. 3: 85 (1797)
Passiflora hullettii Mast. in J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 4: 137 (1877)
Passiflora macrocarpa W.Thomps. in Nursery Cat. (W.Thompson) 1868: 35 (1868)
Passiflora quadrangularis var. acubifolia Van Geert in Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 71: 12 (1874)
Passiflora quadrangularis var. alata Ewbank in Garden (London, 1871-1927) 9: 554 (1876)
Passiflora quadrangularis var. decaisneana Pritz. in Icon. Bot. Index 2: 806 (1855)
Passiflora quadrangularis var. sulcata (Jacq.) DC. in Prodr. 3: 328 (1828)
Passiflora quadrangularis var. variegata Veitch in Florist & Pomol. 27: 116 (1874)
Passiflora sulcata Jacq. in Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist.: 232 (1763)
Passiflora tetragona M.Roem. in Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 2: 165 (1846)

PUBLICATIONS

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Baksh-Comeau, Y., Maharaj, S.S., Adams, C.D., Harris, S.A., Filer, D.L. & Hawthorne, W.D. (2016). An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Trinidad and Tobago with analysis of vegetation types and botanical 'hotspots'. Phytotaxa 250: 1-431.

Barthelat, F. (2019). La flore illustrée de Mayotte: 1-687. Biotope éditions.

Bernal, R., Gradstein, R.S. & Celis, M. (eds.) (2016). Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia 1-2: 1-3068. Libro impreso.

Bosser, J. & al. (eds.) (1990). Flore des Mascareignes 90-106: 1. IRD Éditions, MSIRI, RBG-Kew, Paris.

Catarino, L., Sampaio Martins, E., Pinto-Basto, M.F. & Diniz, M.A. (2006). Plantas Vasculares e Briófitos da Guiné-Bissau: 1-298. Instituto de investigação científica tropical, Instituto Português de apoio ao desenvolvimento.

Dassanayake (ed.) (1996). A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 10: 1-426. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. PVT. LTD., New Delhi, Calcutta.

Edwards, S., Tadesse, M. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (1995). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(2): 1-456. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.

Estrada Chavarría, A. (2009). Flores de pasión de Costa Rica: historia natural e identificación: 1-448. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Costa Rica.

Figueiredo, E., Paiva, J., Stévart, T., Oliveira, F. & Smith, G.F. (2011). Annotated catalogue of the flowering plants of São Tomé and Príncipe. Bothalia, A Journal of Botanical Research 41: 41-82.

Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.

Garcia-Mendoza, A.J. & Meave, J.A. (eds.) (2012). Diversidad florística de Oaxaca: de musgos a angiospermas (colecciones y listas de especies), ed. 2: 1-351. Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

Hallé, N. (1983). Végétation de l'île Rurutu et additions au catalogue de la flore des îles Australes. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Section B, Adansonia 5(2): 141-150.

Hokche, O., Berry, P.E. & Huber, O. (eds.) (2008). Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Venezuela: 1-859. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela.

Idárraga-Piedrahita, A., Ortiz, R.D.C., Callejas Posada, R. & Merello, M. (eds.) (2011). Flora de Antioquia: Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares 2: 1-939. Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín.

Jørgensen, P.M., Nee, M.H. & Beck., S.G. (eds.) (2013). Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de Bolivia. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 127: 1-1741. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Launert, E. (ed.) (1978). Flora Zambesiaca 4: 1-658. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thực vật Việt Nam 2: 1-1203. Hà Nội : Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp.

Mao, A.A. & Dash, S.S. (2020). Flowering Plants of India an Annotated Checklist (Dicotyledons) 1: 1-970. Botanical Survey of India.

Nelson Sutherland, C.H. (2008). Catálogo de las plantes vasculares de Honduras. Espermatofitas: 1-1576. SERNA/Guaymuras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras.

Onana, J.M. (2011). The vascular plants of Cameroon a taxonomic checklist with IUCN assessments: 1-195. National herbarium of Cameroon, Yaoundé.

Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

St. John, H. (1988). Census of the Flora of the Gambier islands, Polynesia. Pacific Plant Studies 43: 1-34.

Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R. & Sohmer, S.H. (1999). Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai'i, rev. ed., 2: 989-1918. University of Hawai'i Press, Bishop Museum Press.

Whistler, W.A. (2022). Flora of Samoa Flowering Plants: 1-930. National Tropical Botanicl Garden. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.

Wu, Z., Raven, P.H. & Hong, D. (eds.) (2007). Flora of China 13: 1-548. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

de Wilde, W.J.J.O. (1975). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Passifloraceae: 1-70.

van der Burg, W.J. (2014). Passifloraceae. Flore du Gabon 46: 54-94. Muséum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; Margraf Publishers, Weikersheim; Meise Botanic Garden.

VERNACULAR NAME

Chinese (simplified): 大果西番莲
Chinese (traditional): 大果西番蓮
Czech: Mučenka obrovská
Danish: Kæmpegranadil
English: Granadilla, Giant granadilla, Timun belanda, Giant tumbo
Filipino: Granadilla, Kasaflora, Parola
Finnish: Jättipassio
French: Barbadine, Fleur de la passion
German: Königs-Grenadille
Haitian: Grenadine
Indonesia: Rrbis, Markisa raksasa, Timun belanda
Japanese: オオナガミクダモノトケイ - オオミトケイソウ - オオミノトケイソウ
Java: Timun londo
Malaysia: Timun belanda, Timun hutan
Portuguese: Maracujá-mamão
Russian: Страстоцвет четырёхгранный
Slovak: Mučenka štvorhranná
Spanish: Badea, Granada real, Granadilla, Granadillo
Thai: สุคนธรส
Vietnam: Chùm bao dúa, Dua gang tây

Aryo Bandoro
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