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Broad sword fern (Nephrolepis biserrata)

Dlium Broad sword fern (Nephrolepis biserrata)

Broad sword fern (Nephrolepis biserrata) is a species of fern in the Nephrolepidaceae, epiphytic and terrestrial, with grayish-brown stems, brown hairs, and 10–130 cm long. The leaf blades are green, 7 cm long, 1.5 cm wide, and hairy brown on the underside. The sori are attached to the underside of the leaf blade, with about 60 sori along the edge and are brown in color.

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Subclass: Polypodiidae
Order: Polypodiales
Suborder: Polypodiineae
Family: Nephrolepidaceae
Genus: Nephrolepis Schott in Gen. Fil. (Vindob.): t. 3 (1834)
Species: Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott in Gen. Fil. (Vindob.): t. 3 (1834)



Homotypic Synonyms

Aspidium biserratum Sw. in J. Bot. (Schrader) 1800(2): 32 (1801)
Hypopeltis biserrata (Sw.) Bory in C.P.Bélanger, Voy. Indes Or., Bot. 2(1): 65 (1833)
Lepidoneuron biserratum (Sw.) Fée in Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic.: 301 (1852)
Nephrodium biserratum (Sw.) C.Presl in Reliq. Haenk. 1: 31 (1825)
Nephrolepis biserrata var. normalis Domin in Věstn. Ceské Společn. Nauk, Tř. Mat.-Přír. 1929(2): 237 (1929), not validly publ.
Nephrolepis exaltata var. biserrata (Sw.) Baker in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 1(2): 493 (1870)
Nephrolepis hirsutula var. biserrata (Sw.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 816 (1891)

Heterotypic Synonyms

Aspidium acuminatum Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 5: 221 (1810)
Aspidium acutum Schkuhr in 24. Kl. Linn. Pfl.-Syst. 1: 32 (1806)
Aspidium articulatum Siebold in Exsicc. (Syn. Fil.), nom. illeg. homonym. post.
Aspidium bidentatum (C.Presl) Spreng. in Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 4(1): 99 (1827)
Aspidium biserratum var. furcans (T.Moore) Farw. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 262 (1931)
Aspidium biserratum var. paraense Farw. in Amer. Midl. Naturalist 12: 262 (1931)
Aspidium ensifolium Schkuhr in 24. Kl. Linn. Pfl.-Syst. 1: 32 (1806)
Aspidium exaltatum var. longipinna Benth. in Fl. Austral. (1878)
Aspidium gibbosum Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 5: 222 (1810)
Aspidium guineense Schumach. in Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 455 (1827)
Aspidium hoffmannseggii Poir. in Encycl., Suppl. 4: 509 (1816)
Aspidium mauritianum Desv. in Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 5: 320 (1811)
Aspidium nigropunctatum Spreng. in Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 7 (1822)
Aspidium paraense Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 5: 228 (1810)
Aspidium punctulatum (Poir.) Sw. in Syn. Fil. (Kiliae): 46 (1806)
Aspidium rufescens (Schrad.) Kunze in Flora 22(1, Beibl.): 34 (1839), nom. illeg. homonym. post.
Aspidium splendens Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 5: 220 (1810)
Hypopeltis amygdalina Bory in C.P.Bélanger, Voy. Indes Or., Bot. 2(1): 64 (1833)
Hypopeltis palmoides Bory in C.P.Bélanger, Voy. Indes Or., Bot. 2(1): 65 (1833)
Lepidoneuron acuminatum (Willd.) Fée in Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic.: 301 (1852)
Lepidoneuron biauritum (C.Presl) Fée in Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic.: 301 (1852)
Lepidoneuron bidentatum (C.Presl) Fée in Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic.: 301 (1852)
Lepidoneuron punctulatum (Poir.) Fée in Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic.: 301 (1852)
Lepidoneuron rufescens (Schrad.) Fée in Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic.: 301 (1852)
Nephrodium acuminatum (Willd.) C.Presl in Reliq. Haenk. 1: 31 (1825)
Nephrodium acutum (Schkuhr) C.Presl in Reliq. Haenk. 1: 31 (1825)
Nephrodium bidentatum C.Presl in Reliq. Haenk. 1: 32 (1825)
Nephrodium gibbosum (Willd.) Gaudich. in Voy. Uranie: 338 (1828)
Nephrodium guianense Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 253 (1827)
Nephrodium hoffmanseggii Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 252 (1827)
Nephrodium mauritianum Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 252 (1827)
Nephrodium palmoides Rich. in J.S.C.Dumont d'Urville, Voy. Astrolabe 2: XXXIX (1834)
Nephrodium punctulatum (Poir.) Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 253 (1827)
Nephrodium rufescens Schrad. in Gött. Gel. Anz. 87: 869 (1824)
Nephrodium timoriense Desv. in Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6: 253 (1827)
Nephrolepis acuminata (Willd.) C.Presl in Tent. Pterid.: 79 (1836)
Nephrolepis acuta (Schkuhr) C.Presl in Tent. Pterid.: 79 (1836)
Nephrolepis acuta var. laurifolia Christ in Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 355 (1896)
Nephrolepis arthropteroides G.Kunkel in Nova Hedwigia 6: 205 (1963)
Nephrolepis biaurita C.Presl in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6: 43 (1851)
Nephrolepis bidentata (C.Presl) C.Presl in Tent. Pterid.: 79 (1836)
Nephrolepis biserrata var. auriculata Ching in Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 2: 378 (1959)
Nephrolepis biserrata var. digitiformis G.Kunkel in Nova Hedwigia 6: 206 (1963)
Nephrolepis biserrata var. furcans (T.Moore) L.H.Bailey in Stand. Cycl. Hort. 4: 2132 (1916)
Nephrolepis biserrata var. glabrata Domin in Věstn. Ceské Společn. Nauk, Tř. Mat.-Přír. 1929(2): 237 (1929)
Nephrolepis biserrata var. glandulosa Kuhn in Filic. Afr.: 27 (1868)
Nephrolepis biserrata var. mauritiana (Desv.) Kuhn in Filic. Afr.: 155 (1868)
Nephrolepis biserrata subsp. punctulatum (Poir.) Bonap. in Notes Ptéridol. 1: 165 (1915)
Nephrolepis biserrata var. rufescens (Schrad.) Luetzelb. in Estud. Bot. Nordéste 3: 246 (1923)
Nephrolepis biserrata var. subferruginea Hook. in Sp. Fil.: 153 (1862)
Nephrolepis biserrata var. subintegrifolia Domin in Věstn. Ceské Společn. Nauk, Tř. Mat.-Přír. 1929(2): 237 (1929)
Nephrolepis caudata Christ in Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., sér. 5, 3(1): 27 (1909)
Nephrolepis davallioides var. furcans T.Moore in G.Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 445 (1886)
Nephrolepis dayakorum Bonap. in Notes Ptéridol. 7: 399 (1918)
Nephrolepis depauperata de Vriese in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 9 (1846)
Nephrolepis ensifolia (Schkuhr) C.Presl in Tent. Pterid.: 79 (1836)
Nephrolepis falcata f. furcans (T.Moore) Proctor in Rhodora 63: 32 (1961)
Nephrolepis gibbosa (Willd.) C.Presl in Tent. Pterid.: 79 (1836)
Nephrolepis hirsutula var. acuta (Schkuhr) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 816 (1891)
Nephrolepis hirsutula var. ensifolia (Schkuhr) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 816 (1891)
Nephrolepis hirsutula var. rufescens (Schrad.) Bonap. in Notes Ptéridol. 10: 267 (1920)
Nephrolepis laurifolia (Christ) Proctor in Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 53: 262 (1989)
Nephrolepis macrophylla C.Presl in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 6: 43 (1851)
Nephrolepis mauritiana T.Moore in Index Fil.: 96 (1858)
Nephrolepis mollis Rosenst. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 22: 13 (1925)
Nephrolepis paraensis (Willd.) C.Presl in Tent. Pterid.: 79 (1836)
Nephrolepis persicifolia Christ in Nova Guinea 8: 159 (1909)
Nephrolepis pilosula Alderw. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, sér. 2, 11: 18 (1913)
Nephrolepis platyotis Kunze in Linnaea 23: 268, 312 (1850)
Nephrolepis punctulata (Poir.) C.Presl in Tent. Pterid.: 79 (1836)
Nephrolepis punctulata f. genuina Hieron. in Hedwigia 47: 206 (1908), not validly publ.
Nephrolepis punctulata var. rufescens (Schrad.) Kunze in Linnaea 21: 230 (1848)
Nephrolepis rufescens (Schrad.) Wawra in Bot. Ergebn.: 200 (1866)
Nephrolepis splendens (Willd.) C.Presl in Tent. Pterid.: 79 (1836)
Nephrolepis subcordata C.Presl in Tent. Pterid.: 79 (1836)
Nephrolepis zollingeriana de Vriese in Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 1: 10 (1846)
Polypodium flagelliferum Roxb. in Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 487 (1844)
Polypodium glabrum Burm.f. in Fl. Indica: 235 (1768)
Polypodium integerrimum Vell. in Fl. Flumin. 11: t. 60 (1831)
Polypodium nephrolepioides Christ in Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève, sér. 2, 1: 220 (1909)
Polypodium palmoides Bory in C.P.Bélanger, Voy. Indes Or., Bot. 2(1): 30 (1833), non. nud.
Polypodium punctulatum Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 5: 533 (1804)
Polypodium punctulatum var. hirsutum Mett. in F.A.M.Kuhn, Filic. Afr.: 156 (1868)
Polypodium signatum (Blanco) Blanco in Fl. Filip., ed. 2.: 572 (1845)
Polystichum acutum C.Presl in Tent. Pterid.: 83 (1836)
Tectaria fraxinea Cav. in Descr. Pl.: 250 (1801)
Pteris piloselloides Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 830 (1837)
Pteris signata Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 830 (1837)

Publications:

Chang, C.-S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2021). Checklist of Far East Asian Vascular Flora 1: 1-626. EABCN, Seoul.

Chen, C.-W. & al. (2022). An annotated checklist of lycophytes and ferns of the Solomon islands. The Fern Gazette 21: 292-419.

Ebihara, A. (2017). The standard of ferns and lycophytes in Japan. Nihonsan shida shokubutsu hyojun zukan 2: 1-507. Gakken Plus, Tokyo.

Fraser-Jenkins, C.R. & al. (2021). An Annotated Checklist of Indian Pteridophytes 3: 1-450. Dehra Dun : BSMPS.

Gosline, G., Bidault, E., van der Burgt, X., Cahen, D., Challen, G., Condé, N., Couch, C., Couvreur, T.L.P., Dagallier, L.M.J., Darbyshire, I., Dawson, S., Doré, T.S., Goyder, D., Grall, A., Haba, P., Haba, P., Harris, D., Hind, D.J.N., Jongkind, & al. (2023). A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea. Nature, scientific data 10, Article number: 327: [1]-[12].

Herrera, K., Lorence, D.H., Flynn, T. & Balick, M.J. (2010). Checklist of the Vascular plants of Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia with local names and uses. Allertonia 10: 1-204.

Hsu, T.C., Chen, C.W., Knapp, R. & Hung, H.C. (2019). Ferns and Lycophytes. 2 , Athyriaceae - Polypodiaceae. The illustrated flora of Taiwan. Taiwan yuan sheng zhi wu quan tu jian 8(2): 1-476. Tai bei shi : Mao tou ying chu ban : Jia ting chuan mei cheng bang fen gong si fa xing.

Loc, P.K. & al. (2019). A checklist of pteridophytes collected on Cham Chu mountains and adjacent sites. Journal of Biology. Hanoi, Vietnam 41: 75-89.

Plunkett, G.M., Ranker, T.A., Sam, C. & Balick, M.J. (2022). Towards a checklist of the vascular flora of Vanuatu. Candollea 77: 105-118.

Roskov Y. & al. (eds.) (2018). World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life Naturalis, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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