Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)

Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is a plant species in the Brassicaceae family. It is an herbaceous, biennial or perennial plant that grows tall and features thick, green leaves with a whitish hue, resulting from a fine, hairy surface texture. In some varieties, the leaves are arranged in a tight rosette attached to the stem.

B. oleracea produces compound flower clusters. Each individual flower has four petals, which may be yellow or white, and six stamens arranged in two whorls. The single pistil sits relatively low, making self-pollination highly likely. The flower clusters are arranged in a very dense, rosette-like formation.

The fruit is a silique—a type of pod—that is slender and elongated, containing two chambers. Each pod can hold up to 20 seeds. The seeds are approximately 1 mm in diameter, spherical, and encased in a black, yellow, or brown coat with an uneven surface. These seeds can remain viable for many years.

In its first year, the plant forms a robust rosette consisting of large, thick, fleshy, grayish-green leaves, which store water and nutrients to help the plant survive in challenging environments. In the second year, a woody, branched stem emerges, growing up to 1.5 meters in height.

This species is tolerant of various soil conditions, with an optimal pH range of 6.0–7.5. It thrives particularly well in alkaline soil, provided there is full sun exposure, good drainage, and high nitrogen content.

TAXON

Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Tracheophyta
Subphylum: Angiospermae
Class: Magnoliopsida
Order: Brassicales
Family: Brassicaceae
Subfamily: Brassicoideae
Supertribe: Brassicodae
Tribe: Brassiceae
Genus: Brassica L. in Sp. Pl.: 666 (1753)
Subgenus: Brassica
Complex: Brassica oleracea
Species: Brassica oleracea L. in Sp. Pl.: 667 (1753)

HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS

Crucifera brassica E.H.L.Krause in J.W.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 6: 135 (1902)
Napus oleracea (L.) K.F.Schimp. & Spenn. in F.C.L.Spenner, Fl. Friburg. 3: 939 (1829)
Raphanus brassica Crantz in Cl. Crucif. Emend.: 63 (1769)

HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS

Brassica alba Boiss. in Voy. Bot. Espagne 1: 39 (1839)
Brassica alboglabra L.H.Bailey in Gentes Herbarum 1: 79 (1922)
Brassica arborea Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 116 (1821)
Brassica botrytis (L.) Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 3 (1768)
Brassica brassicata (L.) A.Chev. in Cat. Pl. Jard. Bot. Saigon: 14 (1919)
Brassica bullata (DC.) Ser. in Fl. Jard. 1: 495 (1845)
Brassica campestris var. sotetsuna Makino in Y.Iinuma, Somoku-Dzusetsu, ed. 3. 3: 900 (1912)
Brassica campestris subsp. sylvestris (L.) Janch.
Brassica capitala DC. ex H.Lév. in Monde Pl. 12: 24 (1910)
Brassica capitata (L.) Ser. (1845)
Brassica cauliflora Garsault in Fig. Pl. Méd.: t. 179 (1764)
Brassica caulorapa (DC.) Lobel ex Ser. (1845)
Brassica cephala DC. ex H.Lév. (1910)
Brassica cretica convar. botrytis (L.) G.H.Loos in Florist. Rundbr., Beih. 7: 124 (2004)
Brassica cretica convar. italica (Plenck) G.H.Loos (2004)
Brassica fimbriata Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 1: 223 (1840)
Brassica florida Ray ex Ser. (1845)
Brassica gemmifera H.Lév. (1910)
Brassica laciniata Steud. (1821)
Brassica maritima DC. ex Tardent in Essai Hist. Nat. Bessarabie: 79 (1841)
Brassica millecapitata H.Lév. (1910)
Brassica muscovita Steud. (1821)
Brassica odorata Schrank ex Steud. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. aberdeenea Alef. in Landw. Fl.: 240 (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. acephala DC. in Syst. Nat. 2: 583 (1821)
Brassica oleracea subsp. acephala (DC.) Metzg. in Syst. Beschr. Kohlart.: 14 (1833)
Brassica oleracea convar. acephala (DC.) Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea stirps acephala DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. alba J.Bauhin ex Schübl. & G.Martens in Fl. Würtemberg: 436 (1834)
Brassica oleracea subvar. alba DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subvar. alba Duchesne in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 1: 743 (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. alba Schübl. & G.Martens (1834)
Brassica oleracea subvar. alba-praecox Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea subvar. albida Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. albiflora Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 19 (1891)
Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (L.H.Bailey) Musil in Misc. Publ. U.S.D.A. 643: 12 (1948)
Brassica oleracea var. aloides Kitt. in Taschenb. Fl. Deutschl.: 552 (1837)
Brassica oleracea var. ardeina Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. asparagoides DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. atrorubens Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea subvar. aurata DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. aurata (DC.) Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea f. azurea Uspenski in Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 7: 376 (1834)
Brassica oleracea var. bardovicensis Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea proles botrytis (L.) Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea stirps botrytis (L.) DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subsp. botrytis (L.) Metzg. (1833)
Brassica oleracea var. botrytis L. in Sp. Pl.: 667 (1753)
Brassica oleracea convar. botrytis (L.) Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea subvar. brumalis Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea stirps bullata DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subsp. bullata (DC.) Metzg. (1833)
Brassica oleracea convar. bullata (DC.) Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea convar. capitata (L.) Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea proles capitata (L.) Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea subsp. capitata (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens (1834)
Brassica oleracea stirps capitata (L.) DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. (1753)
Brassica oleracea var. cauliflora DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea stirps caulorapa DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea convar. caulorapa (DC.) Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea subsp. caulorapa (DC.) Metzg. (1833)
Brassica oleracea var. chamaegongyla Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. chamjodusa Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. chlorusa Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. communis DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subvar. communis DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subvar. compressa Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. conica (Duchesne) DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subvar. conica Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea convar. costata (DC.) Gladis ex Diederichsen in Mansfeld's Encycl. 3: 1444 (2001)
Brassica oleracea var. costata DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subvar. crassa Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. crispa Vill. in Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3: 336 (1788)
Brassica oleracea subvar. crispa Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea subvar. crispa Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. culinarum Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea subvar. cymosa Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea subvar. cymosa Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea subvar. cymosa-albida Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea subvar. cymosa-violacea Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. depressa DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. dinojodusa Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea f. dissecta Peterm. in Fl. Lips. Excurs.: 490 (1838)
Brassica oleracea var. elliptica DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. erythrobotrys Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea f. exaltata (Rchb.) Thell. in G.Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 4: 246 (1918)
Brassica oleracea var. fimbriata Mill. (1768)
Brassica oleracea var. flandrica Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. frutescens Vis. in Fl. Dalmat. 3: 135 (1850)
Brassica oleracea subsp. fruticosa Metzg. (1833)
Brassica oleracea convar. fruticosa (Metzg.) Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subsp. gemmifera (DC.) O.E.Schulz in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 105(Heft 70): 31 (1919)
Brassica oleracea convar. gemmifera (DC.) Gladis ex Diederichsen (2001)
Brassica oleracea var. germanorum Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. glomerosa Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 684 (1821 publ. 1822)
Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L. (1753)
Brassica oleracea subsp. gongylodes (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens (1834)
Brassica oleracea proles gongylodes (L.) Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. grangei Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. herbacea Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 6: 359 (1838)
Brassica oleracea subvar. humilis DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck in Icon. Pl. Med. 6: 29 (1794)
Brassica oleracea var. jodocephala Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. jodogongyla Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. kashmiriana Naqshi & Javeid in J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 9: 91 (1987)
Brassica oleracea var. laciniata L. (1753)
Brassica oleracea subvar. laciniata (L.) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica oleracea subsp. laevis Metzg. (1833)
Brassica oleracea var. longa Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. loudonii Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. luteola Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. macrocephala Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. macrogongyla Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. magniportana Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea subvar. major Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. major (Duchesne) DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subvar. major Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. maritima Coss. in Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2: 183 (1885)
Brassica oleracea subvar. maxima Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. media Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. medullosa Thell. (1918)
Brassica oleracea var. microcephala Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. micropodium Kuntze (1891)
Brassica oleracea subvar. minor Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea subvar. nepenthiformis DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. oblonga Schübl. & G.Martens (1834)
Brassica oleracea var. oblonga DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. obovata DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. opsibotrys Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. opsigongyla Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. opsjodusa Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. palmifolia DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subvar. parva-praecox Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. pentovillea Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. percrispa Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. phaeusa Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea subvar. pinnata DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. plumacea Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. praecox Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea subvar. praecox DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. procera Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea subvar. procerior Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. protobotrys Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. protojodusa Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. purpurascens (DC.) Schübl. & G.Martens (1834)
Brassica oleracea subvar. purpurascens DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subvar. purpurascens DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. pyramidalis (Mill.) Schübl. & G.Martens (1834)
Brassica oleracea f. pyramidalis Mill. (1768)
Brassica oleracea var. pyramidula Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. quercifolia DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. ramosa DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subvar. rubra (L.) Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea f. rubra (L.) Peterm. (1838)
Brassica oleracea var. rubra L. (1753)
Brassica oleracea subvar. rubra-minor Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea subvar. sabauda (L.) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica oleracea subsp. sabauda (L.) Schübl. & G.Martens (1834)
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda L. (1753)
Brassica oleracea var. sabellica L. (1753)
Brassica oleracea subvar. sabellica (L.) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica oleracea f. salinaria Kitt. (1837)
Brassica oleracea var. schizogongyla Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. scotica Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. selenisia L. (1753)
Brassica oleracea f. selenisia (L.) O.E.Schulz (1919)
Brassica oleracea var. selinoides Gray (1821 publ. 1822)
Brassica oleracea var. semiclausa Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. serotissima Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. sibirica Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. sphaerica DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subvar. sphaerica (DC.) G.Martens in G.M.von Martens & C.A.Kemmler, Fl. Würtemberg, ed. 2: 35 (1865)
Brassica oleracea subvar. subacuta Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. sublaciniata Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. subrubens Gray (1821 publ. 1822)
Brassica oleracea var. sylvestris L. (1763)
Brassica oleracea stirps sylvestris (L.) DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. theiusa Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea subvar. turionensis DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. ulmensis Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea var. veris Alef. (1866)
Brassica oleracea subvar. versicolor DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subvar. violacea Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. violacea Schübl. & G.Martens (1834)
Brassica oleracea f. violascens G.Martens (1865)
Brassica oleracea proles viridis (L.) Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea subvar. viridis (L.) DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea subvar. viridis Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea f. viridis Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. viridis L. (1753)
Brassica oleracea var. vulgaris DC. (1821)
Brassica oleracea var. vulgaris Schübl. & G.Martens (1834)
Brassica oleracea subvar. vulgaris Duchesne (1785)
Brassica oleracea var. vulgaris DC. (1821)
Brassica peregrina Steud. (1821)
Brassica quercifolia DC. ex H.Lév. (1910)
Brassica rubra Steud. (1840)
Brassica rupestris var. gongylodes (L.) Janch. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 91: 246 (1942)
Brassica rupestris subsp. gongylodes (L.) Janch. in Phyton (Horn) 8: 235 (1959)
Brassica sabellica Pers. in Syn. Pl. 2: 206 (1806)
Brassica suttoniana H.Lév. (1910)
Brassica sylvestris (L.) Mill. (1768)
Raphanus brassica-officinalis Crantz (1769)
Raphanus erucoides L.f. in Suppl. Pl.: 299 (1782)
Sinapis brassicata L. in Syst. Nat., ed. 12. 3: 231 (1768)

PUBLICATIONS

(1982). Flora of Australia 8: 1-420. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.

Abdulina, S.A. (1999). Spisok Sosudistykn Rastenii Kazakhstana: 1-187. Academy of Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan.

Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.

Agnola, P., Chambrin, L., Saboureau, F. & Lebouvier, M. (2026). Atlas de la Flore des Terres australes Françaises: 1-415. Biotope / MNHN.

Akoègninou, A., van der Burg, W.J. & van der Maesen, L.J.G. (eds.) (2006). Flore Analytique du Bénin: 1-1034. Backhuys Publishers.

Aung, Y.L., Aung, M.H., Tan, Y. & Jin, X. (2025). An updated checklist of vascular plants of Myanmar. PhytoKeys 261: 135-364.

Barooah, C. & Ahmed, I. (2014). Plant diversity of Assam. A checklist of Angiosperms and Gymnosperms: 1-599. Assam science technology and environment council, India.

Broughton, D.A. & McAdam, J.H. (2002). The non-native vascular flora of the Falkland islands. Botanical Journal of Scotland 54: 153-190.

Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.

Collenette, S. (1999). Wildflowers of Saudi Arabia: 1-799. National commission for wildlife conservation and development (NCWCD), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Cossu, T.A, Camarda, I. & Brundu, G. (2014). A catalogue of non-native weeds in irrigated crops in Sardinia (Italy). Webbia; Raccolta de Scritti Botanici 69: 145-156.

Danihelka, J. Chrtek, J. & Kaplan, Z. (2012). Checklist of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. Preslia. Casopsi Ceské Botanické Spolecnosti 84: 647-811.

Dar, G.H. & Govaerts, R.H.A. (2025). Flora of Kashmir Himalaya: Sind Valley 1: 1-606. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India.

Delipavlov, D. & Cheshmedzhiev, I. (eds.) (2011). Opredelitel na rasteniiata v Bulgariia: 1-590. Akad. Isd. Agrar. Univers. Plovdiv.

Dimopoulos, P., Raus, T., Bergmeier, E., Constantinidis, T., Iatrou, G., Kokkini, S., Strid, A., & Tzanoudakis, D. (2013). Vascular plants of Greece. An annotated checklist: 1-372. Botanic gardens and botanical museum Berlin-Dahlem, Berlin and Hellenic botanical society, Athens.

Edwards, S., Tadesse, M., Demissew, S. & Hedberg, I. (eds.) (2000). Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 2(1): 1-532. The National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia & The Department of Systematic Botany, Upps.

Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2010). Flora of North America North of Mexico 7: 1-797. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.

Fosberg, F.R., Sachet, M.-H., Oliver, R. (1979). A geographical checklist of the Micronesian Dicotyledonae. Micronesica; Journal of the College of Guam 15: 41-295.

Frenot, Y., Chown, S.L., Whinam, J., Selkirk, P.M., Convey, P., Skotnicki, M. & Bergstrom,D.M. (2005). Biological invasions in the Antarctic: extent, impacts and implications. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 80: 45-72.

Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.

Govaerts, R. (1996). World Checklist of Seed Plants 2(1, 2): 1-492. MIM, Deurne.

Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.) (2020). Manual de Plantas de Costa Rica 4(2): 1-524. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.

Hassler, M. & Muer, T. (2022). Flora Germanica: alle Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Deutschlands in Text und Bild 2: 865-1712. Verlag Regionalkultur, Uberstadt-Weiher.

Jalas, J., Suominen, J. & Lampinen, R. (eds.) (1996). Atlas Florae Europaeae. Distribution of vascular plants in Europe 11: 1-310.

Jonsell, B. (1982). Flora of Tropical East Africa, Cruciferae: 1-73.

Jørgensen, P.M. & León-Yánez, S. (eds.) (1999). Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: i-viii, 1-1181. Missouri Botanical Garden.

Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.

MacKee, H.S. (1994). Catalogue des plantes introduites et cultivées en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ed. 2: 1-164. Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris.

Mohlenbrock, R.H. (2014). Vascular Flora of Illinois. A Field Guide, ed. 4: 1-536. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.

Morat, P. (ed.) (1997). Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dépendances 21: 1-121. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.

Musselman, L.J. (2011). Checklist of Plants of Lebanon and Syria http://ww2.odu.edu/~lmusselm/plant/lebsyria/Checklist of Lebanon Plants.pdf.

Ovchinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1978). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 5: 1-678. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.

Pasha, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh.

Persson, C. & al. (eds.) (2024). Flora of Ecuador 98: 1-163. Botanical Institute, University of Göteborg, Riksmuseum, Stockholm.

Sauerbier, H., Cabrera Calixto, F. & Muer, T. (2023). Flora Vascular de Canarias: 1-1514. Turquesa.

Scholz, S. & al. (2013). 150.- Adiciones a la flora vascular de Fuerteventura (islas Canarias) III. Botánica Macaronésica 28: 99-116.

Schäfer, H. (2021). Flora of the Azores a field guide: 1-445. Margraf Publishers GmbH.

Stace, C. (2019). New Flora of the British Isles ed. 4: 1-1266. C & M Floristics.

Stalažs, A. (2024). List of vascular plants of Latvia (with Latvian names): 1-312. Dobele.

Townsend, C.C. & Guest, E. (eds.) (1980). Flora of Iraq 4(2): 628-1199. Ministry of Agriculture & Agrarian Reform, Baghdad.

Vangjeli, J. (2017). Flora Albania Atlas 1: 1-933. Koeltz Botanical Books.

Wu, Z. & Raven, P.H. (eds.) (2001). Flora of China 8: 1-506. Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden Press (St. Louis).

Zhao, Y.Z., Zhao, L.Q. & Rui, C. (eds.) (2019). Flora Intramongolica, edition 3, 2: 1-579. Typis Intramongolicae popularis, Huhhot.

Zuloaga, F.O., Morrone, O. , Belgrano, M.J., Marticorena, C. & Marchesi, E. (eds.) (2008). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 107: 1-3348. Missouri Botanical Garden.

de Salas, MF, Baker, ML (2022). A Census of the Vascular Plants of Tasmania, including Macquarie Island: 1-161. Tasmanian Herbarium, Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart. https://flora.tmag.tas.gov.au/resources/census.

VERNACULAR NAME

Arabic: براسيكا زيتية
Assamese: Ol kobi, Bandha kobi
Bengali: ওল কবি - বান্ধাকোপি Ol kobi, Bandhakopi
Catalan: Bròquil, Coliflor i col
Chinese (simplified): 甘蓝
Chinese (traditional): 甘藍
Czech: Brukev zelná
Danish: Have-kål
Dutch: Kool
English: Cabbage, Broccoli, Black cabbage, Borecole, Brussels sprouts, Cauliflower, Chou Mollier, Collard greens, Haria, Kale, Kohlrabi, Marrow stem kale, Niko, Puka, Rearea, Red kale, Romanesco broccoli, Wild cabbage, Wild mustard
Estonian: Kapsas
Finnish: Kaali, Vihanneskaali
French: Chou
German: Gemüsekohl, Gemüse-Kohl, Klippenkohl
Guangdong: 甘藍
Gujarati: Gobi, Fulgobi, Kobi, Kobij
Hebrew: כרוב הבר - כרוב הגינה - כרובית - ברוקולי וכ'ו
Hindi: हरी गोभी - सुफेद राय - गांठ गोभी - गोभी - बंद गोभी - पाट गोभी - पत्ता गोभी Hari gobhi, Sufed Rai, Ganth gobhi, Gobhi, Band gobhi, Paat gobhi, Patta gobhi
Hong Kong: 甘藍
Hungarian: Vadkáposzta
Indonesia: Kubis, Brokoli, Kubis-kubisan, Kol, Kembang kol, Kale, Kohlrabi
Italian: Cavolo
Japanese: ヤセイカンラン - 甘藍
Java: Kubis
Kannada: Elekosu, Kosugedde, Gadde-kosu, Gedde-kosu, Navil-kosu, Navil-kolu, Hoo kosu
Kashmiri: Hakh, Munj haakh
Konkani: Kale, Kobi, Kosu, Paalle
Lesotho: Blomkoel
Lithuanian: Kopūstas
Luxembourgish: Kabes
Macao: 甘藍
Malayalam: Muttakkoos
Manipuri: Kobi, Kobimula, Kobiful
Marathi: Kobi, Phoolkobi
Nepali: गोब - ब्रोकाउली Gob, Brokaaulee
Norwegian: Kål
Oriya: Bandha kobi
Otomí: Gonchi
Polish: Kapusta warzywna
Portuguese: Couve
Russian: Капуста огородная
Sanskirt: Swetasarisha, Kapikam, Kapishakah
Sinhala: ගෝවා
Slovak: Kapusta obyčajná
Slovenian: Zelje
Sotho: Blomkoel
Spanish: Brócoli, Brócoli, Coliflor y repollo, Kale
Swedish: Kål
Taiwan: 甘藍
Tamil: கோவிசு - முத்தாய்-க்-கோசு Kovicu, Muttai-k-kocu
Telugu: Kosu
Thai: กะหล่ำ
Turkish: Karnabahar, Kelem, Lahana, Brokoli
Ukrainian: Капуста городня
Urdu: گوبھی - کوبی Gobhi, Kobi

Aryo Bandoro
Dlium TheDlium
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Dlium