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Madagascar periwinkle or tapak dara ( Catharanthus roseus L. G.Don) is an annual shrub that lives wild or cultivated in open places in various tropical regions, but can also grow in a rather shady place. Shrub habitus grows sideways and is 0.2 meters to 1 meter high. This beautiful plant in Indonesia is called tapak dara, Malaysians know it as kemunting cina, in the Philippines as tsitsirika, in Vietnam as hoa hai dang, in China known as chang chun hua, in England as rose periwinkle, and in the Netherlands as a soldaten bloem. C. roseus has a beautiful flower appearance and is similar to frangipani flowers, round and diameter shaped stems are small, branched, woody stems and downy leaves. Flowers have red, pink, blue, white and others. These plants can live wildly on any land including clay, sand and rocks. It grows and spreads rapidly during the rainy season where the wake flowers bloom on dewy mornings. This flower plant bursts and appears to be striking between the surround...

Oyo River or Kali Oyo or Oya River or Kali Oya is one of the major rivers in Gunung Sewu Geopark in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia, upstream on the western slopes of the Gajahmungkur and Kukusan Mountain Hills in Wonogiri District, Central Java Province. The river flows along 106.75 kilometers from the northeast to the southwest until it empties into the Opak River in Bantul Regency. The monthly water debit is 9.31 cubic meters per second with a maximum of 83.2 cubic meters per second and a minimum of cubic meters per second. The Oyo River is a periodic river that flows across the northern and southern karst hills with a flow of suspended load. The river has many tributaries including the Buyuk River, Jurang River, Lunyu River, Kedunggedang River, Ngalang River, Widoro River, Juwet River, Saradan River, Pentung River, Kaliurang River, and Prambutan River. Geomorphology and Hydrology The geomorphology of the river is formed by the arrival of water which is concentrated in the...

Karimunjawa National Park is a conservation marine area covering 110,117 hectares (1,101 square kilometers) and covers 22 islands in the Java Sea in Jepara Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The national park is located at coordinates 5°40’39” - 5°55’00” LS dan 110°05’57” - 110°31’15” BT and was proclaimed in 1999. Karimunjawa Islands are home to coral reefs, mangrove forests and coastal forests where nearly 400 species of marine fauna include 242 species of ornamental fish. Some rare fauna are White chest sea eagle ( Haliaeetus leucogaster ) and turtles. The characteristic plant of Karimunjawa National Park is dewadaru ( Crystocalyx macrophyla ) in lowland rainforests. Regions with five types of ecosystems are lowland tropical rainforest, mangrove forest, coastal forest, seagrass beds, and coral reefs as home to 7 of mammals, 116 of aves, 12 of reptiles, 17 of butterflies, 42 of insects, 412 of pisces, 205 of Anthozoa, 2 of Plathyhelmintes, 2 of Annelids, 47 of Gastropods...

Bamboo forest of Mount Merapi is a diverse natural forest area home to various species of bamboo living in the wild on the southern slopes of Mount Merapi in the Turgo region, Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. This is a protected area within the Mount Merapi National Park with an total area of 64 square kilometers. The various bamboo species grow together in a location in the forest and are very dense. A species is only about the size of a little finger growing in clusters, whereas elsewhere different species have giant sizes and are tens of meters high. Mount Merapi National Park has at least six species of bamboo including Cendani bamboo ( Phyllostachys aurea ), Giant bamboo or Dragon bamboo or Petung bamboo ( Dendrocalamus asper ), Ampel bamboo ( Bambusa vulgaris ), Java black bamboo or Wulung bamboo ( Gigantochloa atroviolacea ), String bamboo or Pring tali bamboo or Pring apus bamboo ( Gigantochloa apus ) and bamboo Legi ( Gigantochloa atter ). This bamboo fo...

Wana Tirta Mangrove Forest is a mangrove vegetation that grows in brackish water and is influenced by sea tides in Temon District, Kulonprogo Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. This mangorve forest area grows a cape at the mouth of the Bogowonto River to enter the Indian Ocean. This forest grows on top of the lubrication and accumulation of organic matter carried by the flow of the Bogowonto River which originates on Mount Sumbing. The bays are protected from the onslaught of waves and around the mouth of the river where the water slows down and settles the mud carried from upstream. Vegetation Species covering the Wana Tirta mangrove forest are Avicennia alba , Rhizopora mucronata , Sonneratia alba , Acanthus ilicifolius and Nypa fruticans . Avicennia alba Avecennia alba is a thicket or tree that grows spread, up to 25 meters high, the outer bark is grayish or dark and horizontal roots. The leaves are lanceolate or elliptical with a tapered tip and smooth surface, th...

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country in the world which has more than 100,000 islands scattered along the equator and flight is one of the main transportation in Indonesia . Since 2000, regulations regarding flights in Indonesia have become increasingly open and there are many new airlines in Indonesia. Local and international airlines operate to serve domestic and international flight routes for more than 500 airports in the country. The following is a complete list of airlines operating in Indonesia: Scheduled airlines Air Asia (www.airasia.com) Air China (www.airchina.com) Batik Air (batikair.com) Cathay Pacific (www.cathaypacific.com) China Airlines (www.china-airlines.com) China Southern (www.csair.com) Citilink Airlines (www.citilink.co.id) Etihad Airways (www.etihad.com) Garuda Indonesia (www.garuda-indonesia.com) Japan Airlines (www.jal.com) Jet Star & Value Air (www.jetstar.com) Kal Star Aviation (www.kalstaronline.com) Korean Air (www.koreanair....

Siung Beach is a coast surrounded by cliffs and has at least 250 international scale wall climbing trails on the coast of Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia. The beach surrounded by high coral walls towers as a hidden paradise for rock climbers. Siung Beach is located in a remote area approximately 77 kilometers from Yogyakarta. The stretch of white sand in the Indian Ocean line with the karst hills and teak trees is located in the Gunung Sewu Geopark area. The beach is reached through a winding road between the cliffs and palawija fields. Giant corals on the west and east of the coast have an important role to play as breakers of the roar of ocean waves and gaps lined by flowing seawater slowly producing dramatic scenery. Although rich in various types of fish, not many people dare to go to sea and they are only looking for fish on the banks. Fauna Sewu Geopark is a native habitat for various turtles and as a location for laying eggs. Long-tailed macaques th...