Dlium

Whitehead spikesedge ( Cyperus mindorensis ) is a species of plant in the Cyperaceae, erect, green herbaceous, rhizomes spreading along the ground, fibrous roots, ribbon-shaped lower leaves up to 20 cm long, inflorescences at the top end of long stalks. C. mindorensis has flowers at the end of the stalk, sitting on 3-4 upper leaves, shaped like a head and white in color. The flower stalk is up to 20 cm long. The upper leaves are ribbon-shaped and green. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Cyperaceae Subfamily: Cyperoideae Tribe: Cypereae Genus: Cyperus Species: Cyperus mindorensis

Giant bamburanta or never never plant or giant never plant ( Ctenanthe oppenheimiana ) is a species of plant in the Marantaceae, perennial herb, dense green up to 140 cm high, prefers warm, sheltered, shady and humid conditions. C. oppenheimiana has elongated oval-shaped leaves, up to 56 cm long, up to 20 cm wide, with a sharp tip, the upper side is green and white and the lower side is burgundy. The leaf stalk is cylindrical, 84 cm long, the upper part 4 cm long is green and glabrous, the lower part has brown hair. The flowers are in panicles over 5 cm long and have brown hairs. Flowers measure 0.5 cm, white and yellow. This species grows in shady, moist soil and has good drainage. Leaves immediately curl and wilt when exposed to direct sunlight. Often grows around rivers. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Liliopsida Order: Zingiberales Family: Marantaceae Genus: Ctenanthe Species: Ctenanthe oppenheimiana

Painted abutilon ( Callianthe striata ) is a species of plant in the Malvaceae, a shrub or small tree, up to 5 meters high, leaves with a tinge of green and yellow, up to 20 cm long, up to 17 cm wide, 3-5 lobes, toothed margins, 15 cm long stalk and cylindrical in shape. C. striata has bell-shaped flowers, yellow to orange and red with prominent dark red veins, 5 petals 2-4 cm long. Flowers have stalks up to 12 cm long. This species grows in forests, roadsides, abandoned lands and so on. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Malvales Family: Malvaceae Subfamily: Malvoideae Tribe: Malveae Genus: Callianthe Species: Callianthe striata

Spotted calla lily ( Zantedeschia albomaculata ) is a species of plant in the Araceae, annual herb, rhizomatous, always green if rainfall and temperature are sufficient, deciduous if there is a dry season, up to 100 cm tall with erect leaf and flower stalks. Z. albomaculata has clusters of dark green leaves with white spots, broad arrow-shaped, up to 45 cm long. The leaf stalk is up to 60 cm long, cylindrical in shape with a linear depression. Inflorescences are large and with pure white spathe, length up to 15 cm, width up to 15 cm, sheet width up to 20 cm. Spadix is up to 9 cm long, yellow and produces a faint, sweet aroma. Flowers have long stalks up to 75 cm. This species grows on the banks of rivers or ponds and wet places, sandy or rocky areas, streams, mountain grasslands with an elevation of 20-2250 meters. Growth likes damp places and lots of water. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Liliopsida Order: Alismatales Family: Araceae Subfamily...

Dieng gyme ( Gymnostoma dieng ) is a species of plant in the Casuarinaceae, an evergreen tree with foliage consisting of slender twigs, many green branches with scaly leaves, small catkin-like inflorescences, the fruit is an oval woody structure with a diameter of 1-2 cm. G. dieng has star-shaped fruit, young fruit is green, mature fruit is brown and opens to spread seeds. The seeds sprout and form thickets. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fagales Family: Casuarinaceae Genus: Gymnostoma Species: Gymnostoma dieng

Cup and saucer vine or cathedral bells ( Cobaea scandens ) is a species of plant in the Polemoniaceae, a perennial herb, a plant that climbs or spreads on the ground, is independent, has cup-shaped flowers, cylindrical fruit, grows in forests, agricultural land, roadsides and abandoned lands. C. scandens has oval-shaped leaves, leaves up to 10 cm long, up to 6 cm wide, sharp tip, asymmetrical base, twigs consisting of four leaves and tendrils equipped with small hooks to attach to supports. Leaf stalk 1 cm long. Flowers are wide cupped or bell shaped and face forward, up to 5.5 cm wide, up to 8 cm long, pistil and stalk up to 6 cm long, purple or white in color, mature flowers are aromatic and are pollinated by bats. The fruit is a cylindrical capsule, up to 8 cm long and up to 4 cm wide, green with white spots. TAXON Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Ericales Family: Polemoniaceae Genus: Cobaea Cav. in Icon. 1: 11 (1791) Spec...

Ricinus or castor bean ( Ricinus communis ) is a species of plant in the Euphorbiaceae, a shrub or small tree, up to 12 meters high, varying greatly in growth and appearance with various cultivars for leaf color, flower and oil production. R. communis has alternate sitting, glossy, palmate leaves with 5-12 lobes and coarsely toothed segments, 56 cm wide, cylindrical patiole 35 cm long. The leaves have a dark reddish purple or bronze color when young, gradually turning dark green, sometimes with a reddish tinge. Flowers have no petals, male and female grow on the same plant in terminal compound flowers and are green or reddish in color. The male flowers are yellowish green and the stamens are cream colored, the female flowers are at the tip of a spike, inside an immature spiny capsule and the stigma is red. The fruit is a spiny capsule, up to 3 cm long, greenish to reddish purple in color. Large, oval, shiny, nut-like seeds, very poisonous with brownish spots. This species grows wel...

Fishpole bamboo ( Phyllostachys aurea ) is a plant species in the Poaceae, shrub, erect, straight reed, up to 8 meters high, stem diameter 10-15 cm, dark green to bright green in color, shoots often below ground level and covered with midribs, branched rhizomes sympodial. P. aurea reeds have young reeds covered in a layer of white wax. The segments have very variable lengths and the nodes protrude slightly. Ribbon-shaped leaves, 10 cm long and 2 cm wide. Each tip of the twig has 3 leaves and is often hairy. Reeds turn yellow in full sun. Reed is very strong and is often used for sticks. The upper reed is strong and flexible, often used to make fishing rods. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Subfamily: Bambusoideae Tribe: Arundinarieae Genus: Phyllostachys Species: Phyllostachys aurea

Garden nasturtium ( Tropaeolum majus ) is a species of plant in the Tropaeolaceae, herbaceous, short and branched roots, creeping and fragile stems, pale green or reddish in color, glabrous, succulent, soft and winding. T. majus has green or greyish green leaves, stems 5-30 cm long and peltate. The leaves are 4-15 cm wide, orbicular in shape with flat, wavy or slightly lobed edges, glabrous and have many radial veins. Hermaphroditic flowers, resembling small trumpets, 2.5-7 cm wide, yellow or orange or red, 5 sepals 1-2 cm long fused at the base. One of the nectar-bearing sepals is 2.5-4 cm long, straight or slightly curved. Flowers have 8 stamens and an ovary on top with a style and stigma. The fruit of the schizocarp divides into three wrinkled pepperrps, each carpel with one large seed, ovoid with a prominent longitudinal ridge, pale green in color and turning pale brown when ripe. This species grows in coastal and disturbed areas especially, scrub land, herbaceous fields, wetl...

Jombang Jawa or Java dandelion ( Taraxacum javanicum ) is a species of plant in the Asteraceae, short herb, grows from a tap root, produces several flower stems and has no leaves with a height of up to 55 cm, yellow flowers, has a milky latex, sometimes dominates a field open. T. javanicum has foliage that may grow upright or spread horizontally and narrow-winged stems. The leaves are elongated and have a grooved edge, 17 cm long and 4 cm wide, the base gradually narrows to a petiole. The margin is usually lobed or serrated. The flowers at the end of long stalks are covered in fine hairs, the crown is disc-shaped and yellow. Tubular fruit. The seeds are flat and elongated, with soft, velvety hair. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Subfamily: Cichorioideae Tribe: Cichorieae Subtribe: Crepidinae Genus: Taraxacum Section: Wendelboa Species: Taraxacum javanicum

Dancing marantina ( Globba marantina ) is a species of plant in the Zingiberaceae, herbaceous upright or sideways on the ground, leaves elongated, flowers in panicles with white and yellow colors, fibrous roots and white. G. marantina has false stems that grow upright or sideways, up to 75 cm long, green with layers of fronds on the outside and arranged alternately, has linear stripes and short white hairs. The leaves are elongated, 20 cm long, 7 cm wide, pointed tip, flat margins, a large vein in the middle and forming a ditch with several minor veins laterally and forming a cone, the upper surface is green and shiny, the lower surface is pale green. The inflorescences grow in panicles on a large stalk and are green or white in color and bent downwards. The crown is shaped like a pure white funnel and looks downwards. Pistils are yellow with a curved tip. This species forms large colonies to produce flowers in the rainy season, grows wild in shady or damp places, at an elevation ...

Madras carpet ( Grangea maderaspatana ) is a species of plant in the Asteraceae, herbaceous, cylindrical roots and greyish, branching stems, grows up to 70 cm, green and hairy, grows in forests, rice fields, waterways, roadsides and abandoned land. G. maderaspatana has elongated leaves with wings on the edges, bright green or yellow, white veins, 7 cm long and 2 cm wide. The flowers are ball-shaped, 6-10 mm in diameter, solitary, yellow and have a stalk. TAXON Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Asterales Family: Asteraceae Subfamily: Asteroideae Tribe: Astereae Subtribe: Grangeinae Genus: Grangea Adans. in Fam. Pl. 2: 121 (1763) Species: Grangea maderaspatana (L.) Desf. in Tabl. École Bot.: 95 (1804) HOMOTYPIC SYNONYMS Artemisia maderaspatana L. in Sp. Pl.: 849 (1753) Cotula maderaspatana (L.) Willd. in Sp. Pl., ed. 4. 3: 2170 (1803) HETEROTYPIC SYNONYMS Cotula sphaeranthus Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 344 (1822) Ethulia ...

Indian porterweed ( Stachytarpheta indica ) is a species of plant in the Verbenaceae, shrub, upright, up to 100 cm high, cylindrical or square stems, green in color, trident branches and green or bluish in color, with white hair. S. indica has oval or elongated oval-shaped leaves, up to 13 cm long, up to 8 cm wide, pinnate at the base, toothed margins and green in color. The main vein is in the middle, the top is bluish and the bottom is green. The minor veins are pinnate. The inflorescences are in panicles up to 46 cm long and green in color. The flowers are fan-shaped, 4 parts and blue with white aisles. This species grows in the lowlands, near mangrove ecosystems with dry mud, near coastal ecosystems with sandy soil, forests, agricultural land and roadsides with lots of sun or some shade. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Verbenaceae Tribe: Duranteae Genus: Stachytarpheta Species: Stachytarpheta indica

Sparkling passionflower ( Passiflora vesicaria ) is a species of plant in the Passifloraceae, a creeping or climbing herb, the fruit is covered in enlarged flower petals, grows up to 5 meters long, the stem is cylindrical, green or reddish in color and has white hairs. P. vesicaria has single leaves with 5-6 cm stems and long hairs. The leaves are egg-shaped, 6-7 cm wide, 9 cm long, three sharp corners, heart-shaped leaf base, perhaps flat edges or not deeply toothed. Flowers are bright white, often with a purple center and club-shaped pistils. The fruit is covered in pad leaves, round or oval in shape, green in color and turns yellow or red to orange when ripe, glabrous, shiny and has many seeds. This species grows with other herbs and shrubs in gardens, moors, dry rice fields, beach sand, roadsides, forest edges and parts of the forest that are open and receive hot sunlight. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Malpighiales Fa...

Keji beling ( Strobilanthes crispa ) is a species of plant in the Acanthaceae, shrub, 1-2 meters high, upright, woody and sturdy, stems are jointed, cylindrical in shape, coarse hairs, green in color, branches touch the ground and come out of the roots so they can be separated from the plant parent, single root and light brown in color. S. crispa has leaves with stalks and sits opposite each other. The strands are lanceolate, elongated or almost oblong, 17 cm long, 7 cm wide, serrated edges, tapered tip and base and rough surfaces on both sides. The veins are pinnate and green. The inflorescences are compound and gathered in dense spikelets. The crown is funnel-shaped, 5 parts, hairy and yellow or purple in color. Stamens 4 items, white and yellow. Spindle-shaped fruit with 2-4 seeds. The seeds are round, flat, small, and brown. This species grows in forests, riverbanks, cliffs and roadsides at elevations of 50-1200 meters, rainfall of 2500-4000 mm/year, sandy to clay soil and a pH ...

Jeruju or holly mangrove ( Acanthus ilicifolius ) is a species of plant in the Acanthaceae, shrub, up to 2 meters high, taproot and yellowish white in color, cylindrical stem and not woody, slightly limp, smooth surface, brownish in color, strong and sharp spines on each leaf stalk. A. ilicifolius has leaves with short stalks, sitting opposite and crossed, dark green in color, elongated in shape with a pointed tip and a large toothed margin with a pointed tip. Compound inflorescences in panicles 6-30 cm long. White, blue and brown crown. The fruit is ovate and 3 cm long. Kidney shaped seeds. This species grows on beaches, river banks and muddy places with brackish water. Tolerant of flooding and high salt levels in soil with a pH of 6.8-7.2. This plant contains alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, lignans, phenols, β-sitosterol, benzoxazinoid glucosides, arabinose, galacturonic acid, rhamnose and terpenoids. Used to treat acute and chronic hepatitis, enlarged liver and spleen, tuberculo...

Golden leather fern ( Acrostichum aureum ) is a species of plant in the Pteridaceae, an upright shrub, grows in large clumps and forms round plots, 2 meters high, stems short and stocky, fibrous, covered with large scales and brownish or pale in color with a black center line. A. aureum has compound, pinnate, leather-like leaves and is up to 3 meters long. The minor leaves are narrow oval to elliptical, blunt or rounded at the base, blunt at the tip, mucronate, 24-30 pairs, irregularly seated and sometimes loose, dark green, erect or curved. Several pairs (5 pairs or more) of minor leaves at the tip are often fertile and rusty or brownish in color, with the underside covered by many large sporangia. Sterile leaves sit on the bottom, are longer, have blunt or rounded tips and a short, small tip protrusion. This species grows in tropical and subtropical areas, damp lowlands, coastal areas, open mudflats, brackish swamps, mangrove forests, tidal streams and grows well in full sun. Pla...

Yellow walking iris ( Trimezia steyermarkii ) is a species of plant in the Iridaceae, shrub or herbaceous, up to 150 cm high, rhizome 2-4 cm long and 2-3 cm wide. Leaves are lanceolate, 60-150 cm long and 2 cm wide. T. steyermarkii has fan-shaped flowers with three oval wings, 5.5 cm wide, yellow with brown spots at the base. Flowers have stalks more than 30 cm long. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Liliopsida Order: Asparagales Family: Iridaceae Subfamily: Iridoideae Tribe: Trimezieae Genus: Trimezia Species: Trimezia steyermarkii

Umbrella palm ( Carludovica drudei ) is a species of plant in the Cyclanthaceae, in clusters, 2-3 meters high, leaf stalks up to 2.5 meters long, cylindrical. Blade width 1.8 meters, 4 lobes, palmately, lobe length up to 75 cm, apex width 35-60 cm, 9-16 teeth per lobe and tooth length 5-13 cm. C. drudei has young V-shaped leaves, 4 lobes and a stem length of 40-50 cm. The flowers form up to 22 cm long. Fruit oval to round, about 10 mm long and 6-8 mm wide. Seeds numerous, ovate and flat, about 2 mm long. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Liliopsida Order: Pandanales Family: Cyclanthaceae Genus: Carludovica Species: Carludovica drudei

Nipah or mangrove palm ( Nypa fruticans ) is a species of plant in the Arecaceae, the stems spread along the ground, forming rhizomes that are submerged in mud and only the rosette of leaves appears above the ground, the fibrous roots grow up to 13 meters and the clumps can be washed away by water until to the sea. N. fruticans has rhizomes that produce compound and pinnate leaves, upright up to 9 meters above the ground. The stalk is 1-1.5 meters long with a hard and shiny surface, green when young and brown to black as it ages. The inside is soft like cork. The minor leaves are elongated ribbon-shaped and have a pointed tip and have veins. Up to 100 cm long and leaves 4-7 cm wide. Young leaves are yellow and old leaves are green. Each enthal has 25-100 strands. Compound flower bouquets appear in the leaf axils. Each strand has 4-5 male flowers with a length of 5 cm. The male flower is protected by a sheath, but the part filled with pollen remains visible. The female flowers are ...

Ravan's mustache ( Spinifex littoreus ) is a species of plant in the Poaceae, a perennial grass, strong, forming dense colonies with long, creeping shoots, cylindrical stems, 40-80 cm long, hard texture, sturdy with many nodes and spiny leaves. S. littoreus grows in sand dunes, high salinity and arid ecosystems. This grass has fast growth and has an important role as an efficient sand binder with a deep root system to stabilize sand movement, withstand storms, winds and tides with the formation of changing sand dunes. These plants help protect beaches from wind erosion and abrasion. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Liliopsida Order: Poales Family: Poaceae Subfamily: Panicoideae Tribe: Paniceae Subtribe: Cenchrinae Genus: Spinifex Species: Spinifex littoreus

Pidada or apple mangrove ( Sonneratia caseolaris ) is a species of plant in the Lythraceae, evergreen tree, wide crown, up to 20 meters high, cream to brown bark with fine horizontal cracks, thick roots and appears in the form of rather thick pointed cones. S. caseolaris has leaves sitting opposite each other, thick, oval or inverted oval, 5-10 long, 3-9 cm wide, wide rounded tips, often curved and the stems are often red. The flowers are red, ephemeral, fully developed after 20.00 at night (nocturnal) and contain a lot of nectar. The fruit has a diameter of 6-8 cm, green, smooth surface, stemmed tip, cup-shaped petals that cover the base of the fruit and sour taste. The seeds are numerous and flat. This species grows in brackish areas in mangrove forests and muddy soil along small rivers with slow flowing water and is influenced by tides and lots of sunlight, temperature 20-30C, rainfall 1500-2500 mm/year and pH 6.7-7 ,3. This plant is a pioneer in mangrove forests, often growing...

Narrow-leaved merremia ( Xenostegia tridentata ) is a species of plant in the Convolvulaceae, herbaceous, grows climbing or creeping on the ground, square-shaped stems, reddish in color, grows in sandy soil near the coast, agricultural land, roadsides and lots of sunlight. X. tridentata has alternate sitting leaves and no stems. The strands are elongated, heart-shaped at the base, pointed at the tip, green or reddish, up to 30 mm long and 1-2 mm wide. Flowers are funnel-shaped, 2 cm wide, 2-3 cm long, white or yellow with a brownish red center. Kingdom: Plantae Phylum: Tracheophyta Subphylum: Angiospermae Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Solanales Family: Convolvulaceae Subfamily: Convolvuloideae Tribe: Merremieae Genus: Xenostegia Species: Xenostegia tridentata Subspecies: Xenostegia tridentata ssp. angustifolia, Xenostegia tridentata ssp. hastata, Xenostegia tridentata ssp. tridentata

Loop-root mangrove ( Rhizophora mucronata ) is a species of plant in the Rhizophoraceae, evergreen, 10-27 meters high, up to 70 cm in diameter, dark to black bark, cracked bark, horizontal, many large stilt roots with a height of up to 2 meters above mud and woody. R. mucronata has leaves that sit opposite each other, collected at the ends of the twigs, the buds are covered in supporting leaves that are rolled up and pointed and are white or red in color, fall off quickly and leave scars similar to bulging rings. The leaves are elliptical, thick, smooth, green or yellowish, with a pointed tip, have a stalk, 12-24 cm long, 4-13 cm wide. Flowers are grouped in additional umbrellas, stalked, forked in axils and 4-8 florets. The crown is white, with long hairs up to 9 mm. Flowers all year round. The fruit is egg-shaped, green-brown, 5-7 cm and viviparous. Cylindrical hypocotyl, large, rough, nodules and 36-70 cm long. The cotyledon neck is yellow when ripe. This species tolerates hard a...